Enkathini yedijithali yanamuhla, Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ibhizinisi lakho ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Ngeshwa, izingozi eziningi ezingaba khona zingafaka engozini ulwazi lwakho olubucayi, kusukela kumagciwane kanye nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kuya ekugetshengeni nokuphulwa kwedatha. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT futhi sinikeze amathiphu okukusebenzisa ngempumelelo.
Kuyini ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT?
Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT yizinyathelo nezinqubo zokuvikela inethiwekhi yekhompyutha kusukela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ukusetshenziswa kabi, ukuguqulwa, noma ukucekelwa phansi. Kubandakanya inhlanganisela yehadiwe, isofthiwe, nezinqubomgomo eziklanyelwe ukuvikela ubumfihlo, ubuqotho, nokutholakala kwezinsiza zenethiwekhi nedatha. Umgomo wokuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi ye-IT ukuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wanoma yiziphi izigameko zokuphepha ezenzekayo.
Ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT kumabhizinisi.
Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT kubalulekile kumabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi nezimboni. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Cyber kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezimali, ukulimala kwesithunzi, ngisho nemiphumela yezomthetho. Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi ye-IT kungasiza ekuvimbeleni le miphumela emibi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kwedatha ebucayi nezinsiza. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele abeke phambili ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT futhi avuselele njalo futhi athuthukise izindlela zokuphepha ukuze ahlale ngaphambi kokuvela kwezinsongo ze-cyber.
Izinsongo ezijwayelekile ze-inthanethi nokuthi ungazinqanda kanjani.
Izinsongo ze-Cyber ziza ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, i-ransomware, nokuhlasela kokuphika isevisi. Ukuvimbela lezi zinsongo, amabhizinisi kufanele asebenzise indlela enezendlalelo eziningi ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi ye-IT. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izindonga zokuvikela, isofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane, nezinhlelo zokutholwa kokungena, kanye nokubuyekeza isofthiwe njalo nokufundisa abasebenzi ngemikhuba ephephile ye-inthanethi. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nohlelo lokuphendula ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukusekela ngokulondoloza okujwayelekile kwedatha ebalulekile kanye nesu lokuxhumana elicacile lokwazisa ababambiqhaza.
Imikhuba emihle kakhulu yokusebenzisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT.
Ukusebenzisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT kubalulekile ekuvikeleni ibhizinisi lakho ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okungcono kakhulu okungakhona, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezifana nokusebenzisa izinqamuleli zomlilo, isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane, namasistimu okuthola ukungena. Ukubuyekeza isofthiwe njalo nokufundisa abasebenzi ngezindlela eziphephile ze-inthanethi nakho kubalulekile. Ukwengeza, ukuba nohlelo olukhona lokuphendula ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukusekela ngokulondoloza okujwayelekile kwedatha ebalulekile kanye nesu lokuxhumana elicacile lokwazisa ababambiqhaza, kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela wokuhlasela. Ngokulandela lezi zindlela ezihamba phambili, ungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT yebhizinisi lakho.
Indima yokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ekugcineni ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT. Ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuningi kubangelwa amaphutha omuntu, njengokuchofoza i-imeyili yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi noma ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile. Ngokufundisa abasebenzi ngemikhuba ephephile ku-inthanethi, efana nokuhlonza nokugwema imikhonyovu yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukudala amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, nokugcina ngokuphephile nokwabelana ngolwazi olubucayi, ungasiza ukwehlisa ingcuphe yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile nezikhumbuzi nazo zingasiza ekuqiniseni lezi zinqubo futhi zikhumbule ukuvikeleka kwabasebenzi.
Ukuphepha Kwenethiwekhi ye-IT
Sisengozini ngenxa yemikhuba yethu. Ulwazi esiludalula ngathi, isifiso sokuchofoza izixhumanisi, nezinto esifisa ukwazi ngazo. Ukuvikeleka kwethu ngokungangabazeki kungathuthukiswa ulwazi olusanda kutholwa lwalokho okufanele ukwenze nokungamelwe ukwenze.
Ungazi ukuthi umagebengu e-inthanethi ukunethiwekhi ye-IT? Ingabe unezici ezinhle zokuphepha zenethiwekhi ye-IT ukuze unciphise izinsongo?
Iningi lezinhlangano zifunda sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuthi zifakwe ebucayini. Isikhathi esiningi, amaklayenti agqekeziwe aziswa ngokwephula kwawo inkampani yangaphandle. Ngeshwa, abaningi babo kungenzeka bangalokothi baziswe futhi bathole kuphela ngemva kokuba othile emndenini noma ebhizinisini entshontshelwe ubunikazi bakhe. Umcabango okhona owokugqekeza uzongena. Ngakho-ke, uzokwazi kanjani noma uthole kanjani lapho bengena?
Ukuvikelwa Kwedivayisi:
Iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwegciwane kuzobavikela kubaduni. Lena into ekude kakhulu neqiniso. Ukukuvikela empini yethu yamanje ye-inthanethi kuzothatha ubuchwepheshe obungcono, obusesikhathini samanje. Inethiwekhi yethu kufanele ibe yingxenye yokuvikela.
Hlala Isinyathelo Esisodwa Ngaphambili: Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuphathwa Kokuphepha Kwenethiwekhi Ye-IT
Esimeni sanamuhla sedijithali esithuthuka ngokushesha, ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwezokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT okuqinile akunakugcizelelwa. Njengoba izinsongo ze-inthanethi ziba yinkimbinkimbi, izinhlangano kufanele zihlale isinyathelo esisodwa phambili ukuze zivikele idatha yazo ebucayi futhi zivikele ukusebenza kwazo.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT ukukusiza ukuthi uqinise ukuzivikela kwakho ekuphuleni okungase kube khona. Kusukela ekusebenziseni amagama ayimfihlo aqinile nezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ezithuthukisiwe kuya ekubuyekezeni iziqephu zokuphepha njalo nokwenza uhlolo olunzulu lwengozi, sizohlola amasu abalulekile okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho kakhulu.
Ukugxila kwethu kumathiphu asebenzayo kanye nemininingwane yochwepheshe kuzonika amandla ochwepheshe be-IT, abaphathi besistimu, nabanikazi bamabhizinisi ngokufanayo ukuze bathole indlela esheshayo yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, kuncishiswe ubungozi bokuphulwa kwedatha, isikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi. Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungakha ingqalasizinda yenethiwekhi evikelekile futhi eqinile ukuze uvikele izimpahla zedijithali zenhlangano yakho futhi ugcine ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende.
Ungashiyi inethiwekhi yakho engcupheni yokusongelwa nge-inthanethi. Hlanganyela nathi njengoba singena ezinyathelweni ezibalulekile okudingeka uzithathe thuthukisa ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi yakho ye-IT futhi uqinisekise impumelelo yesikhathi eside yebhizinisi lakho kulo mkhakha wedijithali oshintsha njalo.
Ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT
Ukuphathwa kwezokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT okusebenzayo kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inhlangano ethembele kumasistimu edijithali ukugcina nokucubungula ulwazi olubucayi. Kusukela kumarekhodi ezezimali kanye nedatha yekhasimende kuye empahleni yobuhlakani, amabhizinisi anesibopho sokuvikela impahla yawo ebalulekile kuzigebengu zamakhompiyutha ezihlale zifuna ubungozi ukuze zizixhaphaze.
Ukwephulwa kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi kungaba nemiphumela edabukisayo, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kwezimali, izikweletu ezingokomthetho, ukulinyazwa kwesithunzi, nokulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda okwandayo kokusebenza okukude kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelwe emafini kunwebise indawo yokuhlasela, okwenza kube inselele nakakhulu ukuzivikela ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
Ukuze kuncishiswe lezi zingozi, izinhlangano kufanele zibeke phambili ukuphathwa kokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT njengengxenye ebalulekile yesu labo lebhizinisi lilonke. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, ungakwazi ukusungula indlela esheshayo nebanzi yokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ezokusiza ukuthi uhlale isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezingaba khona.
Izinsongo ezijwayelekile ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi ye-IT
Ngaphambi kokungena ezindleleni ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinsongo ezivamile izinhlangano ezibhekana nazo endaweni yedijithali yanamuhla. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zisebenzisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene ukuze zingene kumanethiwekhi futhi zifaka ezokuphepha engozini, futhi ukwazi lezi zinsongo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuzinciphisa.
1. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Isofthiwe enobungozi, efana namagciwane, izikelemu, ne-ransomware, ingangena kumasistimu futhi iphazamise ukusebenza. Ingalethwa ngezinanyathiselwa ze-imeyili, amawebhusayithi anegciwane, noma amadivaysi angaphandle.
2. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kubandakanya ama-imeyili omkokotelo, imilayezo, noma amawebhusayithi alutha abasebenzisi ukuthi baveze ulwazi olubucayi, olufana nemininingwane yokungena ngemvume noma imininingwane yezezimali. Lokhu kuhlasela kungaphoqa futhi kuvame ukuxhaphaza ubuthakathaka bomuntu.
3. Ubunjiniyela Bomphakathi: Amasu obunjiniyela bomphakathi akhohlisa abantu ukuze badalule ulwazi oluyimfihlo noma benze izenzo ezibeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuzenza umuntu owethembekile noma ukusebenzisa ukukhohlisa kwengqondo ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kudatha ebucayi.
4. Izinsongo Zangaphakathi: Akuzona zonke izinsongo ezivela emithonjeni yangaphandle. Abasebenzi bangaphakathi noma osonkontileka abafinyelela ulwazi olukhethekile bangabangela ngamabomu noma ngokungenhloso ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha.
5. Amaphasiwedi Abuthakathaka: Amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile asengozini enkulu, njengoba engaqagelwa kalula noma aphoqelelwe ngonya. Abasebenzisi abaningi basebenzisa kabusha amaphasiwedi kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti amaningi, okwandisa ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Ukuqonda lezi zinsongo ezijwayelekile kuzokusiza ukuthi wakhe umcabango osebenzayo mayelana nokuphathwa kwezokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukubhekana nalobu bungozi ngqo kunganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuphula okuyimpumelelo.
Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile kubalulekile ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho ezintweni ezingaba izinsongo. Ukwamukela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezilandelayo kungakha isisekelo esiqinile sesu lakho lokuphatha ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-IT.
Ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile
Ukusebenzisa inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile kungenye yezindlela ezilula kodwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Amagama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka ayisimemo esivulekile sabageli ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuma-akhawunti namasistimu. Ukuze uqinise ukuphepha kwephasiwedi yakho, cabanga ngalokhu okulandelayo:
1. Inkimbinkimbi Yephasiwedi: Khuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bakhe amagama ayimfihlo okungenani ubude bezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili futhi bafake inhlanganisela yosonhlamvukazi abakhulu nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.
2. Ukuphelelwa Isikhathi Sephasiwedi: Yazisa njalo abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe amagama abo ayimfihlo, kuhle njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-90. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamaphasiwedi onakalisiwe esikhathini eside.
3. I-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Sebenzisa i-MFA, edinga abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe, njengephasiwedi yesikhathi esisodwa ethunyelwe kumakhalekhukhwini wabo, ngaphezu kwegama labo lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi.
Ukuphoqelela inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile kunciphisa ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho nolwazi olubucayi.
Sihlala sibuyekeza futhi sinamathisela amasistimu akho.
Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukuxhaphaza ubungozi besofthiwe ukuze zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumanethiwekhi. Ukuze unciphise lobu bungozi, kubalulekile ukuthi ubuyekeze njalo uphinde unamathisele amasistimu akho, okuhlanganisa amasistimu okusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namadivayisi enethiwekhi. Nakhu okudingeka ukucabangele:
1. Izibuyekezo Ezizenzakalelayo: Nika amandla izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amapeshi okuvikela abalulekile asetshenziswa ngokushesha, kunciphisa iwindi lokuba sengozini.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwepheshi: Sungula inqubo yokuphatha isichibi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinhlelo zingezamanje. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlonza, ukuhlola, kanye nokukhipha amapheshana ngokushesha.
3. Isofthiwe Yenkampani Yangaphandle: Ungayinaki isofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu noma ama-plugin. Zigcine zibuyekeziwe ukuze uvimbele ukuba sengozini kwezokuvikela.
Ngokuhlala umatasa ngezibuyekezo zesistimu namapeshi, unganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuxhashazwa ngobungozi obaziwayo.
Ukusebenzisa i-firewall kanye nesofthiwe ye-antivirus
I-firewall kanye nesofthiwe ye-antivirus iyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha zenethiwekhi, ezihlinzeka ngokuzivikela okwengeziwe ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona. Nansi indlela ongasebenzisa ngayo la mathuluzi ngempumelelo:
1. Ama-firewall: Faka futhi ulungiselele izindonga zokuvikela ukuze ugade futhi ulawule ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi engenayo naphumayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela inethiwekhi yakho ngokuvimbela imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe nokuhlunga okuqukethwe okungaba yingozi.
2. Isofthiwe Yokuvikela Amagciwane: Faka isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane kuwo wonke amadivayisi namasistimu. Njalo buyekeza izincazelo zegciwane ukuze uthole futhi ususe noma iyiphi i-malware noma amafayela anonya.
Khumbula ukuthi i-firewall kanye nesofthiwe ye-antivirus kufanele ibuyekezwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingathola ngempumelelo futhi iphendule izinsongo ezivelayo.
Ukuqeqeshwa nokuqwashisa kwabasebenzi
Iphutha lomuntu lingenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokuphulwa kwezokuphepha. Ukufundisa abasebenzi mayelana nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuqwashisa ngezinsongo ezingase zibe khona kubalulekile. Cabangela lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuqeqeshwa Kokuqwashisa Ngezokuphepha: Nikeza izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile ukuze ufundise abasebenzi mayelana nokuhlaselwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ubunjiniyela bomphakathi, nezinye izinsongo ezivamile. Bafundise ukukhomba ama-imeyili asolisayo, bagweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezingaziwa, futhi babike izehlakalo zokuphepha ezingaba khona.
2. Iphasiwedi Yenhlanzeko: Fundisa abasebenzi ngokubaluleka kwamagama ayimfihlo aqinile kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile noma aqageleka kalula. Khuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwabaphathi bephasiwedi ukugcina nokwenza amaphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi ngokuphephile.
3. Izinqubomgomo ezicacile: Sungula izinqubomgomo zokuphepha ezicacile neziphelele eziveza ukusetshenziswa okwamukelekayo kwezisetshenziswa zenkampani, ukuvikelwa kwedatha, kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphatha ulwazi olubucayi.
Ngokugqugquzela isiko lokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha, unganciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuba namaphutha omuntu angaholela ekwephuleni kwezokuphepha.
Ukuqapha kanye nokubona ubungozi benethiwekhi
Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokuhlola ukuba sengozini kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekubhekaneni nobuthakathaka obungase bube khona bokuvikeleka kunethiwekhi yakho. Nakhu okufanele ukucabangele:
1. Amathuluzi Okuqapha Inethiwekhi: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuqapha inethiwekhi ahlinzeka ngokubonakala kwesikhathi sangempela kuthrafikhi yenethiwekhi, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole ngokushesha futhi uphendule emisebenzini esolisayo.
2. Izikena Ezivamile Zokuba sengcupheni: Yenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kokuba sengozini ukuhlonza ubuthakathaka obungaba khona kungqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yakho. Bhekana nanoma ibuphi ubungozi obubonisiwe ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ubungozi.
3. Amasistimu Wokubona Ngokungena (IDS): Sebenzisa i-IDS ukuze uthole futhi uphendule ekungeneni okungaba khona noma imisebenzi esolisayo. I-IDS ingasiza ekuhlonzeni imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe, ukutheleleka nge-malware, noma ukuziphatha kwenethiwekhi okungajwayelekile.
Ungahlala isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezingaba khona ngokugada inethiwekhi yakho futhi ubhekane ngokushesha nobungozi.
Ukuthola kabusha inhlekelele kanye nezinhlelo zokusekelayo
Ngisho nezindlela zokuphepha eziqinile, kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo oluphelele lokuhlenga izinhlekelele kanye nohlelo oluyisipele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungalulama ngokushesha esigamekweni sezokuphepha futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuphumula. Cabangela lokhu okulandelayo:
1. Izipele Ezivamile: Sungula isimiso sokulondoloza idatha ebalulekile namasistimu. Gcina izipele ngokuphephile futhi ungekho endaweni ukuze uzivikele ekulimaleni ngokomzimba noma ukwebiwa.
2. Ukubuyisela Ukuhlola: Hlola njalo inqubo yokubuyisela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izipele ziyasebenza futhi zingabuyiselwa uma kudingeka.
3. Uhlelo Lwezimpendulo Zesigameko: Yenza uhlelo lokuphendula ngesigameko oluchaza izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma kwenzeka kwephulwa kwezokuphepha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izimiso zokuxhumana, izinqubo zokuqukatha, nokuhlaziywa kwe-forensic.
Ngokulungiselela izehlakalo zokuphepha ezingaba khona, unganciphisa umthelela enhlanganweni yakho futhi uqalise kabusha imisebenzi evamile ngokushesha.
