Ingabe ukumkhakha wezokunakekelwa kwempilo? Sebenzisa izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwe-inthanethi okuphezulu lapho uphatha idatha eyimfihlo yesiguli.
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele ziqinisekise izinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, njengoba idatha yesiguli ingolunye lwemininingwane ebucayi kakhulu. Ukusebenzisa imikhuba yakamuva ehamba phambili kungasiza ukuvikela inhlangano yakho ekuphulweni kwedatha, ukuhlasela kwe-cyberattack, nezinye izingozi zedijithali.
Nakhu ukubuka konke kwezinyathelo eziphephe kakhulu ongazithatha.
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele zithathe izinyathelo ezingcono kakhulu ze-cybersecurity ngangokunokwenzeka. Qala ngokutshala imali kusistimu ye-firewall ehloniphekile, ebanzi futhi ubuyekeze ubuchwepheshe bakho ukuze uvale amaphutha ezokuphepha. Okulandelayo, qiniseka ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayazi ngokuphathwa kwedatha okuhle nezinqubo zokuphepha, okuhlanganisa amaphasiwedi aqinile nokubethelwa kwedivayisi. Okokugcina, tshala ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ukuze ugcine wonke umuntu enolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva zedijithali nokuthi ungayivikela kanjani inhlangano.
Thuthukisa i-Gain Cybersecurity Knowledge.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokunakekelwa kwezempilo Ukuphepha kwe-cyber iqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi bakho banokufinyelela ekuqeqeshweni ngezivumelwano zokuphepha kanye nezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokugcina idatha eyimfihlo iphephile. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ophatha amarekhodi azwelayo unolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva nentuthuko, njengokuqinisekisa ngezinto eziningi nokubethela. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa kwezikhathi ezithile kuyenziwa ukuze kuhlonzwe noma yibuphi ubuthakathaka obusha noma ubuthakathaka okungenzeka bunganakiwe.
Nika amandla i-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
I-Multi-factor authentication (MFA) inikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ekwephulweni kwezokuphepha okuqinile kwedijithali. Idinga abasebenzisi ukuthi bangene ngemvume ngegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi kanye nekhodi ehlukile ekhiqizwe idivayisi ehlukile noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokufakazela ubuqiniso, esiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi bangabasebenzisi abagunyaziwe. I-MFA iyindlela elula nesebenzayo yokwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikeleka sabahlinzeki bezempilo abaphethe idatha eyimfihlo.
Yenza Izikena Ezivamile Zokuba sengcupheni kanye Nokuhlola Ubungozi.
Izikena ezivamile zokuba sengozini nokuhlola ubungozi kubalulekile kunoma iyiphi inqubomgomo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Imiphumela yokuskena yokuba sengozini ingaxwayisa inhlangano yakho ngobuthakathaka obungase buveze idatha eyimfihlo yesiguli kubadlali abanonya. Ukuhlola ubungozi okuvamile kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izindawo zenethiwekhi yakho noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezinyathelo zokuphepha ezinganele ezizivikela kubenzi abanonya futhi ukhombe izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokunciphisa lezo zingozi ngaphambi kokuba zibe inkinga.
Sebenzisa Izixazululo Zokubethelwa Kwedatha.
Ukusebenzisa izixazululo zokubethela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela idatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluyimfihlo lwesiguli luyagcinwa futhi ludluliselwe ngokuphephile, okulwenza lungafundeki kunoma ubani ngaphandle kwemininingwane edingekayo noma ukhiye. Khetha ukubethela okususelwe ku-hardware esikhundleni sokubethela okusekelwe ku-software njengoba izixazululo ezisekelwe ku-hardware zivikeleke kakhulu futhi zithembekile. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukubethela zonke izinhlelo eziyisipele njengoba ngokuvamile ziqukethe amakhophi ayimpinda edatha ebucayi.
Iqhaza Lobuchwepheshe Ekunakekelweni Kwezempilo Ku-Cybersecurity: Amasu Okuhlala Uvikelekile
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ubuchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo. Izixazululo ezintsha ziguqula izinsiza zokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kusukela kumarekhodi ezempilo e-elekthronikhi ku-telemedicine. Kodwa-ke, ngokukhuphuka kobuchwepheshe kuza nengozi eyengeziwe yezinsongo ze-cybersecurity. Ukuvikela idatha yesiguli kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuqotho bezinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo sekuyinto ehamba phambili ezinhlanganweni emhlabeni jikelele.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola indima yobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwe-inthanethi kwezempilo futhi sixoxe ngamasu okuhlala uvikelekile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma isiguli, ukuqonda izingozi ezingaba khona nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo kubalulekile. Sizophenya izinsongo zakamuva ze-cybersecurity zemboni futhi sihlole amathuluzi namasu okunciphisa lezi zingozi.
Hlanganyela nathi njengoba sembula ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka kwe-inthanethi ekunakekelweni kwezempilo futhi sinikeze nemininingwane ebambekayo ukuze kuvikelwe ulwazi olubucayi. Ngokuhlala ngaphambi kwejika nokusebenzisa amasu aqinile okuphepha ku-inthanethi, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingavikela idatha yeziguli zazo futhi zakhe ukwethembana kanye nokuzethemba ezinsizakalweni zazo.
Ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe ekunakekelweni kwe-inthanethi kwezempilo
Ubuchwepheshe buguqule imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, yathuthukisa ukunakekelwa kwesiguli, izinqubo ezilula, nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Amarekhodi ezempilo e-elekthronikhi (EHRs) athathe indawo yezinhlelo zendabuko ezisekelwe ephepheni, ehlinzeka abahlinzeki bezempilo ukufinyelela okusheshayo olwazini lwesiguli. I-Telemedicine yenze ukuthi iziguli zithole ukunakekelwa zikude, okuqeda isidingo sokuhamba ngokungadingekile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zithembela kakhulu kubuchwepheshe, ubungozi bokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi nokuphulwa kwedatha nakho kuyanda.
Izinsongo ezijwayelekile ze-cybersecurity embonini yezempilo
Imboni yezokunakekelwa kwempilo iyinkomba ekhangayo yezigebengu ze-inthanethi ngenxa yemvelo ebucayi yedatha eyiphethe. Amarekhodi esiguli aqukethe ingcebo yolwazi lomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa umlando wezokwelapha, izinombolo zokuphepha komphakathi, nemininingwane yezezimali. Le datha ebalulekile ingathengiswa kuwebhu emnyama noma isetshenziselwe ukwebiwa kobunikazi, okwenza izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zibe sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Ezinye zezinsongo ezivame kakhulu ze-cybersecurity embonini yezempilo zihlanganisa:
1. I-Ransomware: Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ransomware kuhilela ukubethela idatha yenhlangano kanye nokufuna isihlengo ukuze ikhishwe. Lokhu kuhlasela kungakhubaza izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, kuvimbele ukufinyelela kumarekhodi esiguli futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza okubalulekile.
2. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kubandakanya ukukhohlisa abantu ukuthi baveze ulwazi olubucayi ngokuzenza izinhlangano ezithembekile. Embonini yezokunakekelwa kwempilo, ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi ngokuvamile azenza izinhlangano ezinedumela elihle noma ozakwabo ukuze bathole ukufinyelela ekuqinisekiseni kokungena ngemvume noma ukufaka uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
3. Izinsongo zangaphakathi: Izinsongo zangaphakathi zibhekisela ezenzweni ezinonya noma zobudedengu ezenziwa abantu ngabanye ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise izisebenzi ezifinyelela amarekhodi esiguli ngaphandle kokugunyazwa, ukuputshuza ngamabomu ulwazi olubucayi, noma ukuba yisisulu samaqhinga onjiniyela bezenhlalo.
Amasu okuthi izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zihlale zivikelekile
Ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi obuhlobene nezinsongo ze-cybersecurity, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zenze izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile. Nawa amasu okufanele uwacabangele:
Ukusebenzisa ukubethela kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela idatha
Ukubethela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa kwe-inthanethi kwezokuphepha. Ngokubhala ngekhodi idatha yesiguli, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingaqinisekisa ukuthi ihlala ingafundeki ngisho noma iwela ezandleni ezingalungile. Ukubethela kufanele kusetshenziswe kudatha lapho uphumule futhi ngesikhathi sokudlulisela. Izinyathelo zokuvikela idatha, njengama-firewall namasistimu okuthola ukungena, kufanele futhi zisetshenziswe ukuze kuvikelwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
Ukuqeqesha nokufundisa abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi
Iphutha lomuntu livame ukuba yimbangela ehamba phambili yokuphulwa kwe-cybersecurity. Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele ziqeqeshe futhi zifundise abasebenzi bazo ngezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufundisa abasebenzi ukuthi bangawabona kanjani ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukubaluleka kwamagama ayimfihlo aqinile, kanye nezingozi ezihlobene nokwabelana ngemininingwane yokungena. Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile nemikhankaso yokuqwashisa ingasiza ekwakheni isiko lokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Ukuvuselela njalo nokunamathisela isofthiwe namasistimu
Isofthiwe nezinhlelo eziphelelwe yisikhathi zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi. Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zenze ishejuli evamile yokuvuselela nokulungisa isofthiwe yazo ukuze zivikeleke ezingozini ezaziwayo. Lokhu kubandakanya amasistimu okusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, kanye nemishini yezokwelapha exhunywe kunethiwekhi.
Ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kanye nezinqubomgomo zephasiwedi eziqinile
Ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kwengeza ungqimba lokuphepha ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Ngokudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze ngezindlela eziningi zokuhlonza, njengephasiwedi kanye nekhodi ehlukile ethunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini wabo, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zinganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Izinqubomgomo eziqinile zamaphasiwedi nazo kufanele zisetshenziswe, okuhlanganisa nezidingo zobude obuncane kanye nezinguquko ezivamile zamaphasiwedi.
Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity nabathengisi
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zicabangele ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity kanye nabathengisi abangochwepheshe be-cybersecurity. Lezi zingcweti zinganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile nesiqondiso mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva nezinyathelo zokuphepha. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bazo, izinhlangano zezokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingahlala ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezivelayo futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ukuvikela kwazo ku-inthanethi kungokwesimanje manje.
Ukusebenzisa ukubethela kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela idatha
As technology advances in the healthcare industry, so do cybersecurity threats. Protecting patient data and ensuring the integrity of healthcare systems is paramount. Healthcare organizations can safeguard sensitive information and build trust and confidence in their services by understanding the potential risks and implementing effective security measures. Through encryption, employee training, regular updates, multi-factor authentication, and collaboration with cybersecurity experts, healthcare organizations can stay one step ahead in the ongoing battle against cybersecurity threats.
Ukuqeqesha nokufundisa abasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo ngezindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi
One key strategy for staying protected in healthcare cybersecurity is implementing encryption and data protection measures. Encryption converts sensitive data into an unreadable format that can only be decrypted with the appropriate key. By encrypting patient data, healthcare organizations can ensure that even if unauthorized individuals gain access to the data, it remains secure and unreadable.
Ngokungeziwe ekubetheleni, izinyathelo zokuvikela idatha ezifana nezilawuli zokufinyelela nama-firewall zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni amasistimu okunakekelwa kwezempilo. Izilawuli zokufinyelela zikhawulela abantu abangagunyaziwe ukuthi bafinyelele ulwazi olubucayi, kuyilapho ama-firewall asebenza njengesithiyo sokuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi. Ngokusebenzisa izilawuli zokufinyelela eziqinile kanye nezindonga zokuvikela, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zinganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuphulwa kwedatha kanye nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasistimu wokusekela ngokulondoloza idatha nawokubuyisela kubalulekile esigamekweni se-cybersecurity. Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ngabe idatha yonakaliswa noma ilahleka, ingabuyiswa isuka kusipele sangaphambilini. Lokhu kunciphisa umthelela wokuhlasela kwe-cyberattack futhi kunciphisa ukulahleka okungaba khona kolwazi olubucayi lwesiguli.
Ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubethela kanye nokuvikela idatha kubalulekile ekunakekelweni kwe-inthanethi kokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ngokusebenzisa la masu, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingavikela idatha ebucayi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe futhi ziqinisekise ubuqotho bezinhlelo zazo.
Ukuvuselela njalo nokunamathisela isofthiwe namasistimu
While technology plays a vital role in healthcare cybersecurity, training and educating healthcare staff on cybersecurity and best practices are equally important. Human error is often a significant factor in cybersecurity breaches, with employees falling victim to phishing scams or unintentionally disclosing sensitive information.
Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa okuphelele kwe-cybersecurity kubasebenzi bezokunakekelwa kwempilo, izinhlangano zingaqwashisa ngezingozi ezingaba khona futhi zifundise abasebenzi ngokuhlonza nokusabela ezinsongweni ze-cybersecurity. Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kufanele zihlanganise ukuhlonza ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukudala amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, kanye nokubona imisebenzi esolisayo.
Ngokungeziwe ekuqeqeshweni, ukuxhumana okuvamile nezikhumbuzi mayelana nezinqubo ezihamba phambili ze-cybersecurity kungasiza ukuqinisa ukubaluleka kokugcina izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zisungule izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ezicacile mayelana nokuphatha ulwazi olubucayi futhi zihlale zibuyekeza abasebenzi nganoma yiziphi izinguquko noma izinsongo ezintsha endaweni yezokuphepha ku-inthanethi.
Ngokutshala imali ekuqeqesheni nasemfundweni, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zinganika abasebenzi bazo amandla ukuze babe umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Abasebenzi abanolwazi oluhle maningi amathuba okuthi bakhombe futhi babike imisebenzi esolisayo, ekugcineni banciphise ubungozi bezehlakalo zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.
Ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kanye nezinqubomgomo zephasiwedi eziqinile
Elinye isu elibalulekile lokuhlala uvikelekile ekunakekelweni kwe-inthanethi kokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuvuselela njalo nokunamathisela isoftware nezinhlelo. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukuxhaphaza ubungozi kusofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi ukuze zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu okunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi zebe idatha ebucayi.
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zibeke phambili izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile namapeshi awo wonke ama-software namasistimu asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yabo. Lokhu kubandakanya amasistimu okusebenza, amasistimu okurekhoda ezempilo kagesi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe yomuntu wesithathu. Ngokubuyekeza isofthiwe njalo, izinhlangano zingaqinisekisa ukuthi zineziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva nokulungiswa kweziphazamisi, zivale noma yiziphi izintuba ezingaba khona zokuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zenze inqubo esemthethweni yokuqapha nokubuyekeza izibuyekezo zesofthiwe. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola umthelela wezibuyekezo ekusebenzeni kwesistimu iyonke kanye nokuhambisana namanye ama-software. Izinhlangano zinganciphisa ubungozi bokuphazamiseka ezinsizeni zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezibalulekile ngokwenza ukuhlola nokuhlola okuphelele ngaphambi kokuthumela izibuyekezo.
Ukuvuselela njalo nokunamathisela isofthiwe nezinhlelo kuyindlela esebenzayo yokunakekelwa kwe-cybersecurity yezempilo. Kubonisa ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano ekugcineni indawo evikelekile nokuhlala ngaphambi kobungozi obungaba khona.
Ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity nabathengisi
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kanye nezinqubomgomo zephasiwedi eziqinile ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokunakekelwa kwe-inthanethi kwezokuphepha. Bangeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubantu abangagunyaziwe ukuthi bathole ukufinyelela olwazini olubucayi.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kudinga ukuthi abasebenzisi banikeze ubufakazi obengeziwe bobunikazi, njengephasiwedi yesikhathi esisodwa ethunyelwe kumakhalekhukhwini wabo noma ukuskena kwezigxivizo zeminwe, ngaphezu kwegama lomsebenzisi elivamile nephasiwedi. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, noma ngabe imininingwane yokungena isengozini.
Ngokungeziwe ekuqinisekiseni izinto eziningi, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zisebenzisa izinqubomgomo zamaphasiwedi aqinile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudinga ubude obuncane bamagama ayimfihlo nokuhlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ukushintsha njalo iphasiwedi kanye nokwenqabela amagama ayimfihlo ajwayelekile noma aqageleka kalula nakho kubalulekile.
It is crucial to educate users about the importance of strong passwords and multi-factor authentication. Healthcare organizations should provide clear guidelines for creating and maintaining strong passwords and regularly remind users to update them to ensure maximum security.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kanye nezinqubomgomo eziqinile zamaphasiwedi, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingaqinisa kakhulu ukuvikela kwazo ku-cybersecurity futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudatha ebucayi.
Isiphetho: Impi eqhubekayo yokulwa nezinsongo ze-cybersecurity yokunakekelwa kwezempilo
I-cybersecurity yokunakekelwa kwezempilo esebenzayo idinga ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity nabathengisi. Lezi zingcweti zinolwazi nobungcweti bokuhlola ubungozi, zisebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha eziqinile, futhi ziphendule izehlakalo ze-cybersecurity ngempumelelo.
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kufanele zicabange ukusebenzisana nochwepheshe be-cybersecurity ukuze benze ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlola ukungena. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza ubungozi besistimu futhi kunikeze izincomo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Ukwengeza, ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity bangasiza ekuhleleni impendulo yezehlakalo, baqinisekise ukuthi izinhlangano zezokunakekelwa kwezempilo zinohlelo oluphelele lokunciphisa umthelela wezigameko zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi.
Ukusebenzisana ne abathengisi be-cybersecurity banganikeza ukufinyelela kumathuluzi okuphepha athuthukile nobuchwepheshe. Laba bathengisi banikeza izixazululo ezifana nezinhlelo zokutholwa kokungena, izinkundla zezobunhloli ezisongelayo, nolwazi lwezokuphepha kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha imicimbi (SIEM). Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babathengisi, izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zingathuthukisa amakhono azo okuphepha ku-inthanethi futhi zihlale zivuselelwa ngamathrendi embonini nezinsongo.
Izinhlangano zokunakekelwa kwezempilo kumele zisungule ubudlelwano obuqinile nochwepheshe nabathengisi be-cybersecurity. Ngokusebenzisana, bangakwazi ukubhekana ngokuphumelelayo nesimo se-cybersecurity ehlala sishintsha futhi bahlale isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezingase zibe khona.
