Khulisa ukuphepha kwesistimu yakho ngalo mhlahlandlela okulula ukuwulandela okufundisa ukuthi ungathola kanjani ubungozi ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi. Yiba uchwepheshe ngokushesha!
Ukugcina amasistimu ephephile futhi esebenza kahle kuwumsebenzi ongapheli. Kodwa ngezinyathelo ezifanele, ungavikela ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ngokuthola nokulungisa ubungozi ekuvikelekeni kwesistimu. Lo mhlahlandlela uzokukhombisa ukuthi ungazikhomba kanjani futhi ubhekane kanjani nezindawo ezisengozini yokuhlaselwa, ukunikeze ukuthula kwengqondo ezweni lanamuhla le-cyber.
Qonda Izingxenye Nezendlalelo Zokuvikela Zenethiwekhi.
Ukuqonda izingxenye ezihlukene zenethiwekhi nezendlalelo zokuphepha kubalulekile ukuze kukhonjwe izindawo ezingaba yingozi ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, inethiwekhi yekhompiyutha iqukethe izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nabasebenzisi. Ngesendlalelo ngasinye kufika amaphuzu athile okungena okungenzeka kubahlaseli. Sicela uzijwayeze ngalezi zingxenye kanye nezendlalelo zazo ukuze uhlole ubungozi futhi uhlonze ubungozi ngokwanele.
Phenya Imithombo Engaba Sengozini.
Ngokubuka konke okujwayelekile kwezendlalelo ezihlukene zokuphepha, isinyathelo sesibili siphenya ngenkuthalo imithombo engaba sengozini. Qala ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke i-software edingekayo nama-patches okwamanje. Ukwengeza, hlola amawebhusayithi ahlobene nokuvikeleka ukuze uthole ulwazi ngobungozi besistimu obusanda kubikwa kanye nezikena ongazisebenzisa kunethiwekhi yakho. Okokugcina, khumbula ama-akhawunti abasebenzisi - shintsha amagama ayimfihlo njalo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzisi bayaqonda ukuthi bazivikele kanjani ezinhlelweni zobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nokunye ukuhlasela okunonya.
Yenza Ukuhlolwa Kokungena.
Ukuhlola ukungena kuyindlela enhle yokubona izindawo ezibuthakathaka kunethiwekhi yakho. Ukuhlola ukungena kuhilela ukulingisa ukuhlaselwa kwesistimu yakho nokusebenzisa izivivinyo ukuze kutholwe ukuba sengozini kwayo ezinsongweni zangaphandle. Umnyango wakho we-IT ungaqhuba ubunzima, noma ungaqasha isevisi yobungcweti esebenza ngokukhethekile ekuhloleni ukuphepha. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokungena, abahloli bazama zonke izinhlobo zokuhlasela, kusukela kumaqhinga onjiniyela bomphakathi, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, nemibhalo ewuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ukuya ezindleleni ezinonya njengokuqagela amagama ayimfihlo.
Sebenzisa Amasu Okuhlola Amaselula kanye Nawokungenantambo.
Uzodinga futhi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola zeselula nezingenantambo ukumboza yonke indawo futhi uthole ubuthakathaka ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi yakho. Amadivayisi eselula afana nama-smartphones kanye namathebulethi avame ukuba sengozini ehlukile ngoba angakwazi ukuxhuma kumanethiwekhi omphakathi angavikelekile. Amanethiwekhi angenantambo nawo angavulelwa ukuhlolwa kokungena njengoba amasiginali angenantambo angahamba ezindongeni nakwezinye izakhiwo. Ukuze uhlole ngokunembile ukuvikeleka kwesistimu yakho, zama ukwenza izivivinyo kuzo zonke izindlela exhuma ngazo namanye amadivayisi-okuhlanganisa iselula, okungenantambo, noxhumo olunezintambo.
Sebenzisa Amathuluzi Okuhlaziya Okuzenzakalelayo.
Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya azenzakalelayo, ungathola ngokushesha ubuthakathaka ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi yakho futhi ukulungise. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzenzela kusiza ukunciphisa umzamo nesikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphepha njengoba kungadingi ukubuyekezwa komuntu. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukubandakanya inqwaba yabasebenzisi abangebona ochwepheshe be-cybersecurity. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-automation ikhiqiza imibiko okulula ukuyiqonda nokuyigaya. Lena indlela esebenzayo yokusiza ababambiqhaza ukuthi bahlale benolwazi mayelana nokuvikeleka kwesistimu yabo.
Ukwembula Izimfihlo: Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wendlela Yokuthola Ubungozi
Ingabe usukulungele ukucwila emhlabeni ocashile wobuthakathaka? Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uzokuhlomisa ngolwazi namathuluzi okuveza izimfihlo zokuthola ubungozi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uchwepheshe we-cybersecurity noma ufuna ukwazi, lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile.
Ukuthola ubungozi kubalulekile ekuzivikeleni wena noma inhlangano yakho ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Uma uqonda ubungozi, kuzoba ngcono ukuthi uvikeleke kubo. Sizohlola izinhlobo ezahlukene zobungozi, izimbangela zabo, kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziswa ukukubona.
Kusukela ekuvikelekeni kohlelo lokusebenza lewebhu kuya ekubeni sengozini yenethiwekhi, sizokumboza konke. Indlela yethu yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo izokuqondisa kunqubo, iqinisekise ukuthi unesisekelo esiqinile sokuhlaziya nokubhekana nobuthakathaka ngempumelelo. Ngokuqhubekayo, sizokwabelana ngemikhuba engcono kakhulu yomkhakha namathiphu avela kochwepheshe abanolwazi.
Hlanganyela nathi kulolu hambo njengoba sivula izimfihlo zokuthola ubungozi. Lungela ukulola amakhono akho futhi uthuthukise ulwazi lwakho lwe-cybersecurity. Ake siqale umkhankaso wokuvikela umhlaba wedijithali ndawonye.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthola ubungozi
Emhlabeni wanamuhla oxhumene ngedijithali, ubungozi bubeka usongo olukhulu kubantu ngabanye nasezinhlanganweni. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuthola ubungozi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela izimpahla zakho zedijithali. Ubungozi buwubuthakathaka noma amaphutha kusofthiwe, izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, noma izinhlelo zenethiwekhi izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezingazisebenzisa ukuze zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma zidale ukulimala.
Imiphumela yokungabheki ubungozi ingaba mibi kakhulu. Kusukela ekwephulweni kwedatha kuya ekulahlekeni kwezimali kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi, umthelela ungaba yingozi kakhulu. Ngokufuna ngenkuthalo futhi ulungise ubungozi, unganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokuba sengozini
Ubuthakathaka bungabonakala ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inobungozi bayo. Ngokuzijwayeza ngezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zobungozi, uzobe ulungele kangcono ukukubona nokubunciphisa.
1. Ubungozi bohlelo lwewebhu: Lobu bungozi buvame ukutholakala ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezisuselwe kuwebhu noma kumawebhusayithi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-cross-site scripting (XSS), umjovo we-SQL, kanye nezinkomba zento eqondile engavikelekile. Ubungozi bohlelo lokusebenza lewebhu buphathelene ikakhulukazi njengoba benganikeza abahlaseli ukufinyelela kudatha yomsebenzisi ebucayi noma babavumele ukuthi balawule ukusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza.
2. Ubungozi Benethiwekhi: Ukuba sengozini kwenethiwekhi kubhekisela kungqalasizinda, izivumelwano, noma ubuthakathaka bokucushwa. Izibonelo zifaka amanethiwekhi we-Wi-Fi angavikelekile, izinqamulilwazi ezingalungiselelwanga kahle, noma isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi. Ukuxhaphaza ubungozi benethiwekhi kungaholela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ukuphazanyiswa kwedatha, noma ukuphazanyiswa kwezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi.
3. Ubungozi Besistimu Esebenzayo: Amasistimu okusebenza, njenge-Windows, i-macOS, noma i-Linux, awagonyiwe ekubeni sengozini. Abahlaseli bangasebenzisa lobu bungozi ukuze balawule isistimu, bafinyelele ulwazi olubucayi, noma bakhiphe ikhodi enonya.
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuba sengozini
Ukuze kutholwe ngempumelelo ubungozi, kudingeka indlela ehlelekile. Ukuhlola ukuba sengozini kuyinqubo eqhubekayo ehilela ukuhlonza, ukulinganisa, kanye nokubeka phambili ubungozi ngaphakathi kwesistimu noma inethiwekhi. Nansi inkomba yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo sokwenza ukuhlolwa kokuba sengozini:
1. Chaza Ububanzi: Nquma ububanzi bokuhlola, okuhlanganisa amasistimu, izinhlelo zokusebenza, namanethiwekhi azohlolwa.
2. Qoqa Ulwazi: Qoqa ulwazi mayelana nezinhlelo eziqondiwe, ezifana namakheli e-IP, amagama wesizinda, noma izinguqulo zesofthiwe. Lolu lwazi luzosiza ekuhlonzeni ubungozi obungase bube khona.
3. Skena Ukuthola Ubungozi: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuskena azenzakalelayo ukuze uhlonze ubungozi ngaphakathi kwamasistimu okuqondiwe. Lawa mathuluzi ahlaziya ukucushwa kwesistimu, amasevisi enethiwekhi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze kutholwe ubuthakathaka.
4. Hlaziya Imiphumela: Buyekeza imiphumela yokuskena futhi ubeke kuqala ubungozi ngokusekelwe ebukhulwini babo nomthelela ongaba khona. Lesi sinyathelo sikuvumela ukuthi ugxile ekubhekaneni nobuthakathaka obubaluleke kakhulu kuqala.
Amathuluzi nezindlela zokuthola ubungozi
Ukuthola ubuthakathaka kungasizwa kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi namasu akhethekile. Nawa amanye amathuluzi avame ukusetshenziswa nezindlela zokuthola ubungozi:
1. Izikena zokuphepha: Izikena zokuphepha ezizenzakalelayo, njenge-Nessus noma i-OpenVAS, zingaskena ngokuphumelelayo amanethiwekhi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zewebhu, noma amasistimu okusebenza ukuze athole ubungozi. Lawa mathuluzi ahlinzeka ngemibiko enemininingwane mayelana nokuba sengozini okuhlonziwe, okuvumela imizamo ehlosiwe yokulungisa.
2. I-Fuzzing: I-Fuzzing yindlela ehlanganisa ukuthumela idatha engalindelekile noma engalungile kuhlelo lokusebenza noma kusistimu ukuze kwembule ubungozi obungaba khona. Ubungozi bungabonakala ngokuhlaziya impendulo yesistimu kulokhu okokufaka.
3. Ukubuyekezwa Kwekhodi Mathupha: Ukuqhuba ukubuyekezwa kwekhodi mathupha kuhilela ukuhlaziya ikhodi yomthombo yohlelo lokusebenza noma isistimu ukuhlonza ubungozi. Le nqubo idinga ubuchwepheshe kuzilimi zokuhlela kanye nokuqonda amaphutha okubhala amakhodi angaholela ekubeni sengozini.
Imikhuba ehamba phambili yokuskena ukuba sengozini
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuskena kokuba sengozini, kubalulekile ukulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili. Nazi ezinye izincomo okufanele uzicabangele:
1. Ukuskena Okuvamile: Yenza ukuskena kokuba sengozini njalo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ubungozi obusha bubonakala ngokushesha futhi bulungiswa.
2. Ukufakwa Okuphelele: Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganisa okuphelele, skena wonke amasistimu abucayi, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezingxenye zenethiwekhi. Ukushiya noma iyiphi isistimu ingaskenwanga kungashiya ukuba sengozini okungaba khona kungabonakali.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwepeshi: Sebenzisa inqubo eqinile yokuphatha isichibi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ubungozi obaziwayo bupeshwa ngokushesha. Vuselela njalo isofthiwe, i-firmware, namasistimu okusebenza ukuze unciphise ubungozi obungaba khona.
Ukutolika imiphumela yokuskena yokuba sengozini
Ukutolika imiphumela yokuskena yokuba sengozini kungaba umsebenzi onzima. Kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kobungozi obuhlonziwe kanye nomthelela wabo ongaba khona. Nawa amanye amaphuzu abalulekile okufanele uwacabangele lapho utolika imiphumela yokuskena yokuba sengozini:
1. Izilinganiso Zobunzima: Izikena zokubeka engcupheni ngokuvamile zinikeza izilinganiso zobukhulu kubungozi obuhlonziwe. Lezi zilinganiso zingasiza ukubeka phambili imizamo yokulungisa ngokusekelwe kumthelela ongaba khona wokuba sengozini ngakunye.
2. Okuhle Okungelona Iqiniso: Izikena zokuba sengozini ngezinye izikhathi zingase zikhiqize izinto ezingelona iqiniso, okubonisa ukuba sengozini okungekho. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokuskena mathupha ukuze uqinisekise ubukhona bobungozi bangempela.
3. Ukuhlola Ubungozi: Yenza ukuhlolwa kobungozi ukuze uthole umthelela ongaba khona wokuba sengozini ngakunye enhlanganweni yakho. Cabangela izici ezinjengamathuba okuxhashazwa kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yokuhlasela okuphumelelayo.
Ukuphathwa kwepheshi nokulungiswa kokuba sengozini
Ukubhekana nokukhubazeka akuyona inqubo yesikhathi esisodwa kodwa umzamo oqhubekayo. Ukuphathwa kwezichibi kanye nokulungiswa kobungozi kubalulekile ekugcineni ingqalasizinda evikelekile. Nansi indlela yokubhekana nalezi zinqubo ngempumelelo:
1. Ukuphathwa Kwepheshi: Sungula inqubo eqinile yokulawulwa kweziqephu ehlanganisa ukubuyekezwa njalo, ukubeka phambili amapeshi abalulekile, nokuhlolwa kwamapeshi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.
2. Amasu Okulungisa: Dala isu lokulungisa elichaza ukuthi ubungozi buzoxazululwa kanjani. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukusebenzisa amapeshi, ukusebenzisa izinguquko zokumisa, noma ukubuyekeza izinguqulo zesofthiwe.
3. Ukuqapha Nokuqinisekisa: Ngokuqhubekayo uqaphe ukusebenza kwemizamo yokuchibiyela kanye nokulungisa. Qinisekisa njalo ukuthi ubungozi busingathwe ngempumelelo yini.
Indima yokuhlolwa kokungena ekuhloleni ukuba sengozini
Nakuba ukuskena kokuba sengozini kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe ubungozi, kunemikhawulo. Ukuhlolwa kokungena, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukugebenga kokuziphatha, kulingisa ukuhlasela komhlaba wangempela ukuze kuhlonzwe ubungozi okungenzeka ukuthi amathuluzi okuskena awaphuthelanga. Nakhu ukuthi kungani ukuhlola ukungena kuyisengezo esibalulekile ekuhloleni ukuba sengozini:
1. Ukuhlonza ubungozi obufihliwe: Ukuhlolwa kokungena kungadalula ubungozi amathuluzi okuskena okuzenzakalelayo angeke abubone. Abahlaseli bavame ukusebenzisa amasu ayinkimbinkimbi angaweqa amathuluzi okuskena. Ukuhlola ukungena kulingisa lawa masu ukuze kutholwe ubungozi obufihliwe.
2. Ukuhlola Amandla Okuxhashazwa: Ukuhlolwa kokungena kuhlola umthelela ongaba khona wokuba sengozini ngokuzama ukukusebenzisa. Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda okunembe kakhudlwana kwezingozi ezihlobene nokuba sengozini ngakunye.
3. Ukuhlola Izilawuli Zokuvikela: Ukuhlolwa kokungena kuhlola ukusebenza kwezilawuli zokuphepha nezinqubo zokuphendula isigameko. Isiza ukukhomba izikhala ekuvikelekeni kwezokuphepha futhi inikeze izincomo ezisebenzayo zokuthuthukisa.
Isiphetho nezinyathelo ezilandelayo
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlole umhlaba wobungozi, izinhlobo zabo, kanye nezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukuzithola. Sixoxile ngokubaluleka kokuhlolwa kokuba sengozini, amathuluzi namasu okuthola ubungozi, nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuskena ubungozi. Ukwengeza, siye sahlolisisa ukubaluleka kokuphathwa kwezichibi, ukulungisa ubungozi, kanye nendima yokuhlola ukungena ekuhloleni ukuba sengozini.
Ngokulandela imininingwane nezincomo kulo mhlahlandlela, manje usuhlome ngolwazi namathuluzi okufuna ngenkuthalo futhi ubhekane nobuthakathaka. Khumbula, ukuvikela izimpahla zakho zedijithali kuwumzamo oqhubekayo odinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo. Hlala unolwazi mayelana nezinsongo ezivelayo, buyekeza amasistimu akho, futhi uhlole njalo ukuma kwakho kokuvikeleka.
Masenze umhlaba wedijithali uphephe kakhudlwana ngokudalula izimfihlo zokuthola ubungozi futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokubunciphisa. Jabulela ukuzingela kokuba sengozini!
Amazwana kwakamuva