Wireless Access Point Audits
Ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo samanethiwekhi angenawaya nama-smartphone yonke indawo, amanethiwekhi angenawaya asephenduke inkomba eyinhloko yobugebengu be-inthanethi. Umqondo wokwakha uhlelo lwenethiwekhi engenantambo ukuhlinzeka ukufinyelela okulula kubasebenzisi, okungase kuvulele abahlaseli umnyango. Kodwa, ngeshwa, izindawo eziningi zokufinyelela okungenantambo azivamile, uma kwenzeka, zivuselelwa. Lokhu kunikeza izigebengu i-inthanethi umgomo olula wokweba ubunikazi babasebenzisi abangasoli uma bexhuma ku-Wi-Fi yomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile Ukuhlola amanethiwekhi angenantambo ngokulungiswa okungalungile nanoma yini engadinga isibuyekezo esiyingxenye yesistimu ye-Wi-Fi. Ithimba lethu lihlola ukuvikeleka kwangempela, ukusebenza kahle, nokusebenza ukuze lithole ukwethembeka, ukubuyekezwa okujulile kwesimo senethiwekhi.
Izingozi ezibhekene nezindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo (WAPs).
Ukuhlaselwa kwamanethiwekhi angenantambo kungenziwa ngezindlela eziningi, ngakho ukuvikela lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano.
Amaphoyinti okufinyelela okungenantambo (ama-WAP) ayindlela evamile amabhizinisi ukunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kubasebenzi kanye nezivakashi. Kodwa-ke, zingaba yingozi yokuphepha uma zingavikelwe ngokwanele. Ukwenza ukuhlola okuvamile kwe-WAP kungasiza ekuhlonzeni ubungozi futhi kuvimbele ukuphulwa okungenzeka. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokuhlolwa kwe-WAP futhi sinikeze amathiphu okukufeza ngempumelelo.
Kuyini ukuhlolwa kwephoyinti lokufinyelela okungenantambo?
Iphoyinti lokufinyelela elingenantambo libuyekeza futhi lihlole ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo yebhizinisi lakho. Kubandakanya ukuhlola ukucushwa kwama-WAP akho, ukuhlonza ubungozi obunamandla, kanye nokuhlola iwebhu noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha. Ukuhlolwa kwe-WAP kuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ivikelekile futhi ivikelekile ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe noma ekuphulweni kwedatha.
Kungani kubalulekile ebhizinisini lakho?
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zokungena okungenantambo kubalulekile kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi lenethiwekhi engenantambo. Ngokukhula kokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi kanye nokwephulwa kwedatha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi engenantambo yebhizinisi lakho ivikelekile futhi ivikelekile kubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-WAP kungasiza ekuboneni noma yibuphi ubungozi kunethiwekhi yakho futhi kunikeze izincomo zokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphepha. Ngokwenza ukuhlola okuvamile, ungavimbela ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona futhi uvikele ulwazi olubucayi lwebhizinisi lakho.
Ungaliqhuba kanjani ucwaningo lwephoyinti lokufinyelela okungenantambo.
Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwephoyinti lokufinyelela okungenantambo kuhilela izinyathelo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, udinga ukukhomba zonke izindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo kunethiwekhi yakho. Lokhu kungenziwa kusetshenziswa ithuluzi lesithwebuli senethiwekhi. Uma usunqume zonke izindawo zokufinyelela, kufanele uhlole ukucupha kwazo nezilungiselelo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zivikelekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlola amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo, i-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi, nezimbobo ezivulekile. Kufanele futhi uhlole izindawo zokufinyelela ezingaqinile, okuyizindawo zokufinyelela ezingagunyaziwe ezingasetshenziswa ukuthola ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho. Okokugcina, kufanele ubhale phansi lokho okutholile futhi udale uhlelo lokubhekana nanoma ibuphi ubuthakathaka obuphawulwe ngesikhathi soCwaningo. Ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okuvamile kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Ukuba sengozini okuvamile kokuvikela okufanele kubhekwe.
Ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni nasekuxazululeni ubungozi bokuphepha kunethiwekhi yebhizinisi lakho. Obunye ubungozi obuvamile okufanele bubhekwe buhlanganisa amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo, i-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi, izimbobo ezivulekile, nezindawo zokufinyelela ezingenangqondo. Amaphasiwedi azenzakalelayo avamise ukufinyeleleka ukuze aqagele futhi angaxhashazwa izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuze uthole ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho. I-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi ingaqukatha amaphutha okuvikela abahlaseli abangawalawula. Izimbobo ezivuliwe zinganikeza indawo yokungena ukuze abahlaseli bafinyelele inethiwekhi yakho. Okokugcina, izindawo zokufinyelela ezingaqinile zingadlula izilinganiso zokuphepha zenethiwekhi yakho futhi zithole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ngokwenza uhlolo oluvamile lwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo, ungakwazi ukuhlonza futhi ubhekane nalezi zingozi ngaphambi kokuba abahlaseli bazixhaphaze.
Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Ukuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ibhizinisi lakho ekwephulweni kwezokuphepha. Ezinye izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ukuvuselela njalo i-firmware, ukuvala izimbobo ezingasetshenzisiwe, nokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi. Amagama ayimfihlo aqinile kufanele okungenani abe nezinhlamvu ezingu-12 ubude futhi abe nengxube yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezimpawu. Ukubuyekeza i-firmware njalo kungasiza ukubhekana nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Ukuvala izimbobo ezingasetshenzisiwe kungasiza ukuvimbela abahlaseli ekutholeni ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Okokugcina, ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kungakhawulela umthelela wokwephulwa kwezokuphepha ngokuhlukanisa amadivayisi awonakalisiwe kuyo yonke inethiwekhi yakho. Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi uvikele ibhizinisi lakho ekwephuleni ukuphepha okungaba khona.
10 Okufanele Ube Nokuhlolwa Kwezindawo Zokufinyelela Okungenantambo ukuze Uqinisekise Ukuvikeleka Kwenethiwekhi
Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, izindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo (WAPs) zibalulekile ekuxhumeni amadivaysi ku-inthanethi. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-WAP asephenduke inkomba eyinhloko yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi, okwenza kube semqoka ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo okuvamile kubalulekile ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho ezinsongweni.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukucwaningwa kwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo okuyishumi okufanele kube nakho okungasiza ukuvikela ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho. Ngokulandela lokhu kuhlola, ungakwazi ukubona ubungozi, uhlole amandla enethiwekhi yakho engenantambo, futhi unciphise noma yiziphi izingozi ezingaba khona. Kusukela ekwenzeni ukuhlola kokungena kuya ekuhlaziyeni amalogi enethiwekhi nokusebenzisa izimiso eziqinile zokubethela, Ukucwaninga ngakunye kunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuqinisa ukuzivikela kwenethiwekhi yakho.
Hlala isinyathelo esisodwa ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezinonya ze-inthanethi futhi uvikele idatha yakho ebucayi kanye nempahla ngokusebenzisa lokhu kuhlola okubalulekile kwendawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo. Ungavumeli inethiwekhi yakho ibe indawo ebuthaka kungqalasizinda yakho yezokuphepha. Zitholele ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku okubalulekile ukukusiza ukuthi ugcine inethiwekhi engenantambo eqinile futhi evikelekile.
Khumbula, ukhiye wokuphepha kwenethiwekhi usekucwaningweni okuphelele nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo. Masingene ekuhlolweni kwezindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo okufanele zibe nakho ukuze siqinisekise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho.
Ubungozi obujwayelekile kumanethiwekhi angenantambo
Amanethiwekhi angenantambo asengozini yokuba sengozini ehlukahlukene izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezingazisebenzisa. Lobu bungozi buhlanganisa amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka, i-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi, isofthiwe enganyathelisiwe, kanye nezilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezingalungiselelwe kahle. Kubalulekile ukukhomba futhi ubhekane nalezi zingozi ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Ubungozi obubodwa amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka. Abasebenzisi abaningi bavamise ukusetha amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka, aqageleka kalula, okushiya inethiwekhi yabo isengozini yokuhlaselwa ngenkani. Ukuphoqelela izinqubomgomo eziqinile zephasiwedi kanye nokubuyekeza njalo amagama ayimfihlo kubalulekile ukuze unciphise lobu bungozi.
Obunye ubungozi i-firmware yakudala. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ze-firmware ukuze balungise ubungozi bokuphepha futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza. Ukwehluleka ukubuyekeza i-firmware yezindawo zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo kungabashiya besengozini yemisebenzi eyaziwayo. Ukuhlola njalo nokufaka izibuyekezo ze-firmware kubalulekile ukugcina inethiwekhi evikelekile.
Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezingalungiselelwanga kahle zingase zibe yingozi enkulu. Izindawo zokufinyelela ezilungiselelwe ngokungalungile noma izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi zingaholela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ukwephulwa kwedatha, kanye nokungaqini kwenethiwekhi. Ukubuyekeza njalo nokubuyekeza izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka nokuzinza kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Uhlu lokuhlola indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo
Ukwenza ucwaningo olubanzi lwezindawo zokungena okungenantambo, kubalulekile ukulandela uhlu lokuhlola oluhlanganisa zonke izindawo ezibalulekile. Lolu hlu lokuhlola luzokusiza ukuthi ubone ubungozi, uhlole amandla enethiwekhi yakho engenantambo, futhi usebenzise izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo.
1. Ukuhlola okungokoqobo: Qala ngokuhlola ngokoqobo zonke izindawo zokungena ezingenantambo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zifakwe ngokuphephile futhi aziphazanyiswa. Hlola noma yiziphi izimpawu zokulimala ngokomzimba noma ukuguqulwa okungagunyaziwe.
2. I-Firmware nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe: Hlola njalo futhi ufake i-firmware nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezinikezwa abakhiqizi. Ukugcina izindawo zakho zokufinyelela zisesikhathini samanje ngeziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva kubalulekile ukubhekana nanoma yibuphi ubungozi obaziwayo.
3. Amadokhumenti enethiwekhi: Gcina imibhalo enembile yengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yakho, okuhlanganisa nezindawo zokufinyelela, amakheli e-IP, nezilungiselelo zokumisa. Lawa madokhumenti azokusiza ukuthi ubone noma yikuphi ukushayisana noma izinguquko ezingagunyaziwe.
4. Ukuhlola ukungena: Yenza izivivinyo ezivamile ukuze ulingise imizamo yokugebenga yomhlaba wangempela futhi uhlonze ubungozi benethiwekhi obungaba khona. Lezi zivivinyo zingakusiza ukuthi uhlole ukusebenza kwezinyathelo zakho zokuphepha futhi ubone izindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokufakwa kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo: Hlaziya ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izindawo zokungena zibekwe ngendlela ehlelekile futhi zinikeza amandla esignali anele kuzo zonke izindawo ozifunayo. Yenza izinhlolovo zesayithi futhi ulungise izindawo zokungena uma kunesidingo.
6. Izimiso zokubethela: Hlola izimiso zokubethela ezisetshenziswa inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo, njenge-WPA2 noma i-WPA3. Qinisekisa ukuthi izivumelwano zokubethela eziqinile ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe ukudluliswa kwedatha nokuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
7. Amandla ephasiwedi: Hlola amandla amaphasiwedi asetshenziselwa ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa umlawuli kanye namaphasiwedi omsebenzisi. Sebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zamaphasiwedi futhi ubuyekeze njalo amagama ayimfihlo ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
8. Ukuhlaziywa kwelogi yenethiwekhi: Njalo buyekeza amalogi enethiwekhi ukuze uhlonze imisebenzi esolisayo, njengemizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe noma amaphethini ethrafikhi angajwayelekile. Ukuhlaziya amalogi enethiwekhi kungakusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uphendule ngokushesha ekwephuleni umthetho okungaba khona.
9. Ukutholwa kwezindawo zokungena okungalungile: Sebenzisa indlela yokubona indawo yokufinyelela engenangqondo ukuze uhlonze noma yiziphi izindawo zokungena ezingagunyaziwe okungenzeka zifakiwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Izindawo zokufinyelela ezingaqinile zingasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokungena zabahlaseli, ngokweqa izinyathelo zokuphepha zenethiwekhi yakho.
10. Ukuqwashisa abasebenzi nokuqeqeshwa: Fundisa abasebenzi bakho mayelana nezinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zamanethiwekhi angenantambo. Yenza ukuqeqeshwa kokuqwashisa ngokuphepha njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi abasebenzi bayaliqonda iqhaza labo ekugcineni indawo yenethiwekhi evikelekile.
Lolu hlu lokuhlola olubanzi luqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ihlala ivikelekile futhi ivikelekile ezinsongweni.
Ihlola ukulungiselelwa kwendawo yokungena engenantambo
Ukuhlola ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Amaphoyinti okufinyelela angalungiselelwanga kahle angadala ubungozi abahlaseli abangabusebenzisa. Ngokucubungula kahle izilungiselelo zezindawo zokufinyelela, ungakwazi ukuhlonza futhi ulungise ukulungisa okungalungile okungafaka engozini ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho.
Qala ngokubuyekeza izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zendawo ngayinye yokufinyelela, njenge-SSID (Isihlonzi Sesethi Yesevisi) kanye nezilungiselelo zokuqinisekisa inethiwekhi. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-SSID ahlukile futhi anenjongo asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukudideka nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Buyekeza izilungiselelo zokuqinisekisa futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izivumelwano zokubethela eziqinile, njenge-WPA2 noma i-WPA3, ziyasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe ukudluliswa kwedatha.
Okulandelayo, buyekeza izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe zendawo ngayinye yokufinyelela, njengokukhethwa kwesiteshi, amandla okudlulisa, nezilungiselelo zokuphepha. Ukukhetha isiteshi kubalulekile ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka kwamanethiwekhi angomakhelwane. Linganisa izilungiselelo zamandla okwabelana ukuze uqinisekise ukutholakala okufanele ngaphandle kokudlulela ngale kwezindawo ozifisayo. Buyekeza izilungiselelo zokuphepha futhi uvale noma yiziphi izici ezingadingekile noma amasevisi angase afake engcupheni yokuvikeleka.
Ukwengeza, buyekeza izilungiselelo zokulawula zephoyinti lokufinyelela ngalinye, okuhlanganisa amaphasiwedi okuphatha nezilungiselelo zokuphatha kude. Qinisekisa ukuthi amaphasiwedi aqinile asethelwe ukufinyelela kokuphatha futhi ucabangele ukusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. Khubaza ukuphatha okukude uma kungenasidingo, njengoba abahlaseli bengakwazi ukukuxhaphaza.
Ukuhlola njalo ukulungiselelwa kwezindawo zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone noma yikuphi ukulungisa okungalungile okungafaka engozini ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho. Ukubhekana nalokhu kulungiswa okungalungile, ungakwazi ukunakekela ngokushesha inethiwekhi eqinile nevikelekile engenantambo.
Ukuhlola amaphrothokholi wokubethela kwenethiwekhi engenantambo
Amanethiwekhi angenantambo adlulisa idatha emoyeni, okwenza amaphrothokholi abethelwe abe yisici esibalulekile sokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukuhlola izimiso zokubethela ezisetshenziswa inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo nobuqotho bokudluliswa kwedatha.
Iphrothokholi yokubethela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yamanethiwekhi angenantambo i-Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2). I-WPA2 inikeza ukubethela okuqinile nezindlela zokuqinisekisa, okuyenza iphrothokholi enconyiwe yokuvikela amanethiwekhi angenawaya. Kodwa-ke, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zakho zokufinyelela zilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva ye-WPA2 kubalulekile, njengoba izinguqulo ezindala kungenzeka zibe sengozini.
Cabangela ukuthuthukela ku-Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3) ukuze uthole ukuphepha okuqinile nakakhulu. I-WPA3 yethula ukuthuthukiswa okuningana ngaphezu kwe-WPA2, okuhlanganisa ama-algorithms wokubethela aqine kakhulu kanye nokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni kwamandla anonya. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-WPA3 ayihambisani emuva namadivayisi amadala asekela i-WPA2 kuphela.
Ivala izimiso zokubethela eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezibuthakathaka, ezifana Nobumfihlo Be-Wired Equivalent (WEP), ibalulekile lapho kuhlolwa izivumelwano zokubethela. I-WEP yaziwa ngobungozi bayo futhi ayisathathwa njengevikelekile. Ukuvala izivumelwano zokubethela eziphelelwe yisikhathi kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho ayingenwa kalula ukuhlaselwa okwaziwayo.
Ngokungeziwe kumaphrothokholi wokubethela, ukuhlola amandla okhiye ababiwe ngaphambilini (ama-PSK) asetshenziselwa ukufakazela ubuqiniso kubalulekile. Ama-PSK amagama ayimfihlo abiwa phakathi kwendawo yokufinyelela nezisetshenziswa zokuxhuma. Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-PSK aqinile futhi ahlukile asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho.
Ihlolela amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka kanye nemininingwane ezenzakalelayo
Amagama-mfihlo avamise ukuba yizivikelo zokuqala ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Ukuzama amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka kanye nemininingwane ezenzakalelayo kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile kanye nemininingwane ezenzakalelayo ingaxhashazwa kalula ngabahlaseli, ibeke engcupheni ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwenethiwekhi yakho.
Qala ngokubuyekeza izinqubomgomo zephasiwedi ezikhona zenethiwekhi yakho. Qinisekisa ukuthi izimfuneko zephasiwedi eziqinile ziyasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa ubude obuncane, inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Khubaza ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqageleka kalula, njengamagama esichazamazwi noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu.
Okulandelayo, hlola amandla amaphasiwedi okufinyelela kunethiwekhi, okuhlanganisa namaphasiwedi omlawuli nawomsebenzisi. Sebenzisa amathuluzi wokwenza iphasiwedi noma amasevisi ukulingisa ukuhlasela kwe-brute-force futhi uhlonze amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile. Uma kutholwa amaphasiwedi abuthaka, yazisa abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe amaphasiwedi abo baye kwanamandla.
Ukushintsha imininingwane ezenzakalelayo yezindawo zokufinyelela, amarutha, noma amanye amadivaysi enethiwekhi nakho kubalulekile. Ukuqinisekisa okuzenzakalelayo kuvame ukutholakala esidlangalaleni futhi kungaxhashazwa kalula abahlaseli. Qinisekisa ukuthi amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ahlukile asethelwe kuwo wonke amadivayisi enethiwekhi ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Ukuhlola njalo amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka kanye nemininingwane ezenzakalelayo kuzokusiza ukuthi ugcine ukuzivikela okuqinile ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Ukuphoqelela izinqubomgomo eziqinile zephasiwedi kanye nokushintsha izifakazelo ezizenzakalelayo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokwehliswa.
Ukuhlonza izindawo zokungena ezikhohlakele
Izindawo zokufinyelela ezikhohlakele zingamadivayisi angagunyaziwe axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Abahlaseli bangafaka lawa madivayisi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho noma badale ibhuloho lokuhlasela. Ukukhomba nokususa izindawo zokungena ezikhohlakele kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha nobuqotho benethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Ukuze uhlonze izindawo zokufinyelela ezingaqinile, qala ngokwenza ukuskena okujwayelekile kwenethiwekhi yakho kumadivayisi angagunyaziwe noma angabonwa. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlaziya inethiwekhi engenantambo ukuze uthole noma yiziphi izindawo zokungena ezingajwayelekile okungenzeka zengezwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Qhathanisa izindawo zokufinyelela ezitholiwe kumadivayisi akho agunyaziwe aziwayo.
Enye indlela yokuhlonza izindawo zokufinyelela ezingenantambo ukuqapha umsebenzi wenethiwekhi engenantambo osolisayo noma ongagunyaziwe. Hlaziya amalogi enethiwekhi futhi ubheke noma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile noma okungagunyaziwe. Naka amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele noma usebenzisa izifakazelo ezizenzakalelayo.
Ukusebenzisa amasistimu okubona nokuvinjelwa (IDS/IPS) kungasiza futhi ukukhomba izindawo zokufinyelela ezikhohlakele. Lawa masistimu aqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi athole izindawo zokufinyelela ezingagunyaziwe ezizama ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi yakho.
Uma izindawo zokufinyelela ezikhohlakele sezihlonziwe, zisuse ngokushesha kunethiwekhi yakho. Khawulela ukufinyelela kwabo futhi uphenye noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungenzeka kwenzeke. Ukuskena njalo nokuqeda izindawo zokufinyelela ezikhohlakele kuzosiza ukugcina indawo evikelekile yenethiwekhi engenantambo.
Ihlola ukumbozwa kwenethiwekhi engenantambo namandla esignali
Ukufakwa kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo namandla esignali kuqinisekisa indawo yenethiwekhi ethembekile nevikelekile. Amandla esignali abuthakathaka noma izindawo ezingenakho ukumbozwa zingaholela ezinkingeni zokuxhuma kanye nokuba sengozini yokuphepha engaba khona. Ukuhlola ukusabalala kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo namandla esignali kubalulekile ukuze ugcine inethiwekhi eqinile nevikelekile.
Qala ngokwenza inhlolovo yesayithi ukuze uhlole ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Lolu cwaningo lubandakanya ukuhlaziya amandla esignali ezindaweni ezihlukene kanye nokuhlonza noma yiziphi izindawo ezibuthakathaka noma izindawo ezifile. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlola isayithi elingenazintambo ukuze ulinganise amandla esignali futhi uhlonze imithombo engaba khona yokuphazamiseka.
Uma usuhlonze izindawo ezinokufakwa okubuthakathaka, cabanga ukulungisa ukubekwa kwezindawo zakho zokufinyelela noma ukungeza izindawo zokufinyelela ezengeziwe ukuze uthuthukise ukutholakala. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokufinyelela zibekwe ngendlela efanelekile ukuze zikunikeze ukumbozwa okuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo ozifisayo. Gwema ukubeka izindawo zokufinyelela eduze kwemithombo yokuphazamiseka, njengama-microwave noma amafoni angenazintambo.
Gada njalo amandla esignali nokufakwa ukuze uhlonze noma yiziphi izinguquko noma izindawo ezidinga ukulungiswa. Hlaziya amalogi enethiwekhi kanye namamethrikhi okusebenza ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kahle kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amandla esignali ahlala ngaphakathi kwamazinga amukelekayo.
Ukugcina ukumbozwa okuphelele namandla esignali kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi kunciphise ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ngenxa yokuxhumeka okubuthakathaka noma okungazinzile.
Ukuqhuba indawo yokufinyelela okungenantambo ngokomzimba ezokuphepha
Ukuvikeleka ngokomzimba kuyisici esivame ukunganakwa sokuphepha kwenethiwekhi. Ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuvikeleka okuphathekayo kwezindawo zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela kwedivayisi yenethiwekhi, ukuphazamisa, noma ukweba. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphathekayo, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuvikeleka kukonke kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Qala ngokwenza ukuhlola okuphelele kokufakwa ngokomzimba kwezindawo zakho zokufinyelela. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokufinyelela zigxunyekwe ngokuphephile futhi azifinyeleleki kalula kubantu abangagunyaziwe. Cabangela ukusebenzisa izikulufu ezingavimbeki noma izivalo ukuze uvimbele ukuphazamisa ngokomzimba.
Okulandelayo, buyekeza indawo ebonakalayo yezindawo zakho zokufinyelela. Qinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokungena zibekwe ezindaweni ezivikelekile lapho kungafinyeleleki khona okulinganiselwe. Gwema ukubeka izindawo zokungena eduze kwamafasitela noma ezinye izindawo lapho abantu abangagunyaziwe bengazibona noma bafinyelele kuzo kalula.
Cabangela ukusebenzisa ukugadwa kwevidiyo noma amakhamera okuvikela ukuze ugade izindawo zokufinyelela futhi unqande abangaba abangenele. Ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kunganikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bokwephulwa kwezokuphepha noma ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Ngokungeziwe ezilinganisweni zokuphepha zomzimba, kubalulekile futhi ukukhawulela ukufinyelela ngokomzimba kumadivayisi enethiwekhi. Khawulela ukufinyelela kubasebenzi abagunyaziwe kuphela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi amaphasiwedi okuphatha awatholakali kalula kubantu abangagunyaziwe.
Ukubuyekeza njalo nokubuyekeza izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphathekayo kuzokusiza ugcine indawo evikelekile yenethiwekhi engenantambo futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukuphazamisa amadivayisi enethiwekhi.
Izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuvikela izindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo zidlulela ngalé kokuhlolwa kwamabhuku nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha. Ukulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuvikela izindawo zokufinyelela okungenantambo kuzokusiza ugcine ukuzivikela okuqinile ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona futhi uqinisekise ukuvikeleka kukonke kwenethiwekhi yakho.
1. Shintsha imininingwane ezenzakalelayo: Hlala ushintsha imininingwane esetshenziselwa izindawo zokufinyelela, amarutha, namanye amadivayisi enethiwekhi. Ukuqinisekisa okuzenzakalelayo kwaziwa kabanzi futhi kungaxhashazwa kalula ngabahlaseli.
2. Nika amandla ukubethela: Nika amandla izimiso eziyisisekelo zokubethela okuqinile, njenge-WPA2 noma i-WPA3, ukuze uvikele ukudluliswa kwedatha. Gwema ukusebenzisa izivumelwano zokubethela eziphelelwe yisikhathi noma ezibuthakathaka, njenge-WEP.
3. Sebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziqinile zephasiwedi: Sebenzisa izimfuneko ezibalulekile zephasiwedi futhi ubuyekeze amagama ayimfihlo njalo. Khuthaza ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.
4. Njalo buyekeza i-firmware nesofthiwe: Gcina izindawo zakho zokufinyelela zisesikhathini samanje nge-firmware yakamuva nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ukuze babhekane nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza.
5. Sebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi: Hlukanisa inethiwekhi yakho ibe izingxenye ezihlukene ukuze ukhawulele umthelela wokuphulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqukatha ukuhlaselwa okungenzeka futhi kuvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe ezinsizeni ezibalulekile.
6. **Sebenzisa ukutholwa nokuvimbela ukungena
Isiphetho
Ukuhlola ukungena kubalulekile ukuze ubone ubungozi ezindaweni zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo. Ngokulingisa i-cyberattack yomhlaba wangempela, ungathola noma yibuphi ubuthakathaka izigebengu ezingasebenzisa amandla. Izigebengu ze-Ethical zizama ukuthola ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokungena ukuze bahlole ukuphepha kwayo. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza izindawo zokungena ezingaba khona futhi kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekane nazo ngaphambi kokuthi zisetshenziswe.
Isici esibalulekile sokuhlola ukungena ukwenza kokubili ukuhlola kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ukuhlolwa kokungena kwangaphakathi kugxile ekuhloleni ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, kulingisa usongo lwangaphakathi. Ukuhlolwa kokungena kwangaphandle, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlola ukuba sengozini kwenethiwekhi ngokombono wangaphandle, kulingisa izenzo zomhlaseli wangaphandle. Ungakwazi ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuma kokuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho ngokwenza kokubili ukuhlola.
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuhlola ukungena imvamisa yalokhu kuhlola. Kunconywa ukwenza izivivinyo zokungena ngezikhathi ezithile, njengaminyaka yonke noma lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezinkulu nengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi yakho. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ibuphi ubuthakathaka obusanda kwethulwa buyabonakala futhi bulungiswa ngokushesha.
Kafushane, ukuhlola ukungena kuwukuhlola okubalulekile okukhomba ubungozi ezindaweni zakho zokufinyelela okungenantambo. Ngokwenza ukuhlola kwangaphakathi nangaphandle ngezikhathi ezithile, ungahlala ngaphambi kokwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona futhi uvikele inethiwekhi yakho ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
