Ukuphepha kwamafu kubalulekile ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi njengoba amabhizinisi engeziwe nabantu ngabanye bethembele kukhompyutha yamafu ukuze bagcine futhi bafinyelele idatha. Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizohlola izingxenye ezibalulekile zokuphepha kwamafu enethiwekhi futhi sinikeze ngamathiphu abalulekile okuvikela idatha yakho nengqalasizinda emafini.
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Ukuphepha kwefu ibhekisela ezilinganisweni nezinqubo zokuvikela idatha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nengqalasizinda ezindaweni zekhompuyutha yamafu. Kubandakanya inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe, izinqubomgomo, nezilawuli zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo, ubuqotho, nokutholakala kwedatha egcinwe futhi yacutshungulwa emafini. Ukuvikeleka kwamafu kubhekana nezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuba sengozini okuhlobene nekhompyutha yamafu, njengokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ukuphulwa kwedatha, nokuphazamiseka kwesevisi. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile zamafu, izinhlangano zingavikela ulwazi lwazo olubucayi futhi zigcine ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende abo nababambiqhaza.
Ukubaluleka Kokubethelwa Kwedatha ku Ukuphepha Kwefu.
Ukubethelwa kwedatha kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwamafu njengoba kusiza ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ukubethela kuhilela ukuguqula idatha ibe ifomethi engafundwa kuphela ngokhiye wokukhipha ukubethela, okuyenza ingafundeki kunoma ubani ngaphandle kokugunyazwa okufanele. Ekuvikelekeni kwamafu, ukubethela kwedatha kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha entshontshiwe ihlala ingaqondakali futhi ingenalusizo kumhlaseli ngisho noma kwenzeka ukwephulwa komthetho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlanganweni eziphatha idatha ebucayi, efana nolwazi lomuntu siqu noma amarekhodi ezezimali. Ngokubhala ngekhodi idatha egcinwe emafini, izinhlangano zingangeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela futhi zinciphise ubungozi bokuphulwa kwedatha. Ukubethela kuphinde kusize izinhlangano ukuthi zithobelane nemithetho yokuvikela idatha futhi zigcine ubumfihlo nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende azo.
Ukusebenzisa Izilawuli Zokufinyelela Kunethiwekhi Yamafu.
Izilawuli zokufinyelela ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwamafu kumanethiwekhi. Zisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abagunyaziwe kuphela noma amasistimu angafinyelela futhi ahlanganyele nedatha ebucayi nezisetshenziswa. Ngokusebenzisa izilawuli zokufinyelela, izinhlangano zinganqanda ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, zehlise ingcuphe yokuphulwa kwedatha, futhi zigcine ubumfihlo nobuqotho bedatha yazo. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zokulawula ukufinyelela zingasetshenziswa kumanethiwekhi wamafu, okuhlanganisa ukufakazela ubuqiniso komsebenzisi, ukulawulwa kokufinyelela okusekelwe indima (RBAC), nohlu lokulawula ukufinyelela (ACLs). Ukuqinisekiswa komsebenzisi kubandakanya ukuqinisekisa ubunikazi babantu noma amasistimu ngaphambi kokunikeza ukufinyelela. I-RBAC yabela izindima ezithile nezimvume kubasebenzisi ngokusekelwe kuzibopho zabo zomsebenzi futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi bafinyelela kuphela izinsiza abazidingayo. Ngokuphambene, ama-ACL ayimithetho enquma ukuthi yibaphi abasebenzisi noma amasistimu angafinyelela izinsiza ezithile noma enze izenzo ezithile. Izinhlangano zingaphatha futhi zivikele amanethiwekhi azo amafu ngokusebenzisa lezi zilawuli zokufinyelela.
Isegimenti Yenethiwekhi Yokuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kuyisu elibalulekile lokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kumanethiwekhi wamafu. Kuhilela ukuhlukanisa inethiwekhi ibe amasegimenti amancane, angawodwa noma amanethiwekhi angaphansi, esiza ukuqukatha ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wanoma yikuphi ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ngokuhlukanisa inethiwekhi, izinhlangano zingakha izindawo ezihlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha noma abasebenzisi, ziqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi olubucayi lufinyeleleka kuphela kulabo abaludingayo. Lokhu kunciphisa ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma ukunyakaza okuhlangene ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kungafinyelelwa ngamasu ahlukahlukene, njengama-LAN abonakalayo (ama-VLAN), amanethiwekhi ayimfihlo abonakalayo (ama-VPN), noma i-software-defined networking (SDN). Ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi futhi kwenza ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi kube lula. Ivumela izinhlangano ukuthi zisebenzise izilawuli zokuphepha ezithile nezinqubomgomo esigabeni ngasinye, ziqinisekise ukuthi izinsiza zivikelekile futhi ubungozi buyancishiswa.
Ukuqapha Okuvamile Nokuhlolwa Kwengqalasizinda Yefu.
Ukuqapha njalo nokuhlolwa kwengqalasizinda yamafu kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwamafu. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha ingqalasizinda, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukuhlonza noma yibuphi ubungozi obungase bube khona noma ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha futhi zithathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokukunciphisa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, amalogi esistimu, nomsebenzi womsebenzisi ukuze kutholwe ukuziphatha okusolisayo noma okungagunyaziwe. Ukwengeza, ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwengqalasizinda yamafu kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni lokho izilawuli zokuphepha nezinqubomgomo zenziwa futhi zilandelwe ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola nokuhlola njalo ingqalasizinda ukuze kutholakale noma yibuphi ubuthakathaka noma izindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono. Ngokugada njalo nokuhlola ingqalasizinda yamafu, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukuhlonza futhi zibhekane nezinkinga zokuphepha, ziqinisekise ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinhlelo zazo. idatha nengqalasizinda.
