Ungayivikela kanjani i-router

Umhlahlandlela Wokugcina Wokuvikela Irutha Yakho Kuma-Cyberattacks nabaduni

Uyemukelwa kumhlahlandlela wokugcina wokuvikela umzila wakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi nakubagebengu. Ezweni lanamuhla elixhumene, lapho yonke into kusukela kuma-smartphones kuya kuziqandisi incike ku-Wi-Fi, ukuphepha kwe-router kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Irutha eyonakele ingashiya inethiwekhi yakho engcupheni yokubuka amehlo nokuhlaselwa okunonya. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, sikumbozile.

Kulo mhlahlandlela obanzi, sizokuhambisa kukho konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nokugcina umzila wakho uphephile futhi uvikelekile. Kusukela ekukhetheni igama-mfihlo eliqinile futhi unike amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kuya ekubuyekezeni i-firmware yakho njalo futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zokuphepha ezithuthukile, sizokunikeza imiyalelo yesinyathelo nesinyathelo kanye namathiphu asebenzayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzila wakho uhlala ungangeneki.

Noma ngabe ungumfundi wezobuchwepheshe noma uchwepheshe onolwazi, lo mhlahlandlela unokuthile kwawo wonke umuntu. Sizoqeda umhlaba wokuvikeleka komzila futhi sikuhlomise ngolwazi oludingayo ukuze uvikele inqaba yakho yedijithali ngokuzethemba.

Ngakho-ke, lungiselela ukuqinisa irutha yakho futhi uvikele inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi. Masingene futhi sivikele umhlaba wakho we-inthanethi.

Ukuba sengozini kwerutha okuvamile

Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ama-routers asephenduke isango eliya emakhaya ethu nasemahhovisi. Zisivumela ukuthi sixhume ku-inthanethi, sisakaze amamuvi, futhi sixhumane nabanye. Kodwa-ke, aphinde abe yimpokophelo ekhangayo yabaduni abahlala bezama ukuxhaphaza ubungozi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumanethiwekhi ethu.

Irutha eyonakele inganikeza izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukufinyelela okungakhawulelwe kulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu, okuhlanganisa amaphasiwedi, idatha yezezimali, namadokhumenti abucayi. Bangaphinda basebenzise irutha yakho njengephedi lokwethula ukuhlaselwa kwamanye amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yakho noma baphinde basabalalise uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kubasebenzisi abangaqaphile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuphepha kwe-router ukuze uvikele ubumfihlo bakho futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho.

Ukuze uvikele irutha yakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi, kufanele uqaphele ubungozi obuvamile abagebengu be-inthanethi abaxhaphazayo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho.

Indlela abaduni abasebenzisa ngayo ubungozi bomzila

Njenganoma iyiphi enye idivayisi, ama-routers anobungozi abangaba abagebenga. Ukuqonda lobu bungozi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela umzila wakho nenethiwekhi. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuba sengozini:

1. Amaphasiwedi Abuthakathaka noma Amisiwe: Amarutha amaningi eza namagama ayimfihlo okuzenzakalelayo okulula ukuwaqagela noma atholakala esidlangalaleni. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingasebenzisa ukuhlasela kwe-brute force ukuze zifinyelele umzila wakho ngokuzama amagama ayimfihlo ajwayelekile noma zisebenzisa isofthiwe ezama ngokuzenzakalela izinkulungwane zezinhlanganisela.

2. I-Firmware Ephelelwe Isikhathi: I-Firmware isofthiwe esebenza kumzila wakho. Njenganoma iyiphi enye isoftware, ingaba sengcupheni izigebengu ezingazisebenzisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ubuyekeze njalo i-firmware yomzila wakho ukuze uvale noma yiziphi izimbobo zokuphepha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi unezici zakamuva zokuphepha.

3. I-Wi-Fi Engavikelekile: Uma inethiwekhi yakho ingabetheliwe, noma ubani ophakathi kobubanzi angaxhuma futhi akwazi ukufinyelela umzila wakho nenethiwekhi. Kubalulekile ukunika amandla ukubethela, okufana ne-WPA2, ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.

4. Akukho Ukuvikela I-Firewall: I-Firewall isebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho ne-inthanethi, ihlunga ithrafikhi enonya. Uma irutha yakho inganikeli i-firewall, ishiya inethiwekhi yakho isengozini yokuhlaselwa. Qiniseka ukuthi unika amandla isici se-firewall kumzila wakho ukuze ungeze isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela.

5. Ukuntuleka Kwesegimenti Yenethiwekhi: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amarutha amaningi avumela wonke amadivayisi akunethiwekhi ukuthi axhumane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma idivayisi eyodwa kunethiwekhi yakho isengozini, ingathelela amanye amadivayisi. Ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi, njengokudala amanethiwekhi esihambeli ahlukene noma ama-VLAN, kungasiza ukunciphisa umthelela wedivayisi eyonakele.

Ukuqonda lobu buthakathaka kubalulekile, kodwa ukwazi ukuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zixhaphaza kanjani kubaluleke ngokufanayo.

Amathiphu okuvikela irutha yakho

Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlala zibheka ubungozi ezingazisebenzisa ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumzila wakho nenethiwekhi. Nazi ezinye izindlela ezijwayelekile abazisebenzisayo:

1. I-Brute Force Attacks: Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa isofthiwe ezama ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkulungwane zenhlanganisela yamagama omsebenzisi namaphasiwedi baze bathole elungile. Usengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa ngenkani nge-password engenamandla noma ezenzakalelayo.

2. Ukuxhashazwa Kwe-Firmware: Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisesha ubungozi ku-router firmware futhi ziyisebenzisele ukufinyelela kumzila wakho. I-firmware ephelelwe yisikhathi isengozini kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo zokuhlaselwa.

3. Ukuhlasela komuntu ophakathi nendawo: Ekuhlaseleni komuntu ophakathi nendawo, izigebengu ze-inthanethi zibamba ukuxhumana phakathi kwedivayisi yakho nerutha, okubavumela ukuthi balalele ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yakho. Lokhu kungabanikeza ukufinyelela olwazini olubucayi, olufana namaphasiwedi nemininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu.

4. Ukudunwa kwe-DNS: Ukudunwa kwe-DNS kubandakanya ukuqondisa kabusha ithrafikhi yakho ye-inthanethi kumawebhusayithi anonya ngaphandle kolwazi lwakho. Lokhu kuvumela izigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuthi zintshontshe imininingwane yakho siqu noma basabalalise uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.

Ngokuqonda ukuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zixhaphaza kanjani ubungozi bomzila, ungakwazi ukuvikela umzila wakho ekuhlaselweni okunjalo. Ake sihlole amathiphu okuvikela irutha yakho.

Ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo erutha

Ukuvikela irutha yakho akufanele kube nzima. Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwerutha yakho futhi uvikele inethiwekhi yakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi:

1. Ukushintsha Amagama Ayimfihlo Erutha Okuzenzakalelayo

Enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele uzenze ngemuva kokusetha umzila wakho ukushintsha iphasiwedi ezenzakalelayo. Amarutha amaningi eza nephasiwedi ezenzakalelayo etholakala esidlangalaleni. Abaduni bangathola kalula lawa maphasiwedi futhi bathole ukufinyelela kumzila wakho. Ukushintsha iphasiwedi yakho:

1. Ngena kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho usebenzisa igama lomsebenzisi elizenzakalelayo nephasiwedi enikezwe umkhiqizi womzila wakho.

2. Thola inketho yokushintsha iphasiwedi kumenyu yezilungiselelo.

3. Khetha igama-mfihlo eliqinile elihlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.

4. Gcina iphasiwedi entsha bese uphuma kuphaneli yomqondisi.

Ukushintsha igama eliyimfihlo elizenzakalelayo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubageli ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumzila wakho.

2. Ibuyekeza i-Router Firmware

Ukubuyekeza njalo i-firmware yomzila wakho kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kwayo. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezibhekana nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela futhi bethule izici ezintsha. Ukuze ubuyekeze i-firmware yomzila wakho:

1. Hlola iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi womzila wakho ukuze uthole inguqulo yakamuva ye-firmware.

2. Ngena kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho.

3. Zulazulela esigabeni sokubuyekeza i-firmware.

4. Landela imiyalelo enikeziwe ukuze ulande futhi ufake i-firmware yakamuva.

Gcina i-firmware yerutha yakho ingeyamanje ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unamapeshi akamuva okuphepha.

3. Ukunika amandla ama-Firewall nama-Encryption

Ama-firewall asebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho ne-inthanethi, ehlunga ithrafikhi enonya. Ukunika amandla isici se-firewall kumzila wakho kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela. Ukuze uvule i-firewall:

1. Ngena kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho.

2. Zulazulela kuzilungiselelo zohlelo lokuvikela.

3. Nika amandla isici se-firewall.

Ngokungeziwe ku-firewall, ukunika amandla ukubethela kunethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi kubalulekile. Ukubhala ngemfihlo kuxabanisa idatha edluliswa phakathi kwamadivayisi akho nerutha, kuyenze ingafundeki kunoma ubani oyibambayo. Ukuze unike amandla ukubethela:

1. Ngena kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho.

2. Zulazulela kuzilungiselelo zokuphepha ze-Wi-Fi.

3. Khetha indlela yokubhala ngemfihlo, njenge-WPA2, bese usetha iphasiwedi eqinile.

Ukunika amandla i-firewall nokubethela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwerutha yakho nenethiwekhi.

4. Ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi e-Wi-Fi Aqinile

Iphasiwedi eqinile ye-Wi-Fi ibalulekile ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Nawa amanye amathiphu okudala iphasiwedi eqinile ye-Wi-Fi:

1. Sebenzisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.

2. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama avamile noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu olungaqagelwa kalula.

3. Yenza iphasiwedi okungenani ibe yizinhlamvu eziyi-12 ubude.

4. Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho ye-Wi-Fi njalo.

Ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi eqinile ye-Wi-Fi kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi izigebengu zifinyelele kunethiwekhi yakho.

5. Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlukaniswa Kwenethiwekhi

Ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kuyindlela esebenzayo yokunciphisa umthelela wedivayisi eyonakalisiwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Ngokwakha amanethiwekhi esivakashi ahlukene noma ama-VLAN, ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa amadivayisi kusuka kwamanye, ukuvimbela ukusabalala kohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha noma ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ukuze usebenzise ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi:

1. Ngena kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho.

2. Zulazulela kuzilungiselelo zenethiwekhi.

3. Misa amanethiwekhi ezivakashi ahlukene noma ama-VLAN wamadivayisi ahlukene noma amaqembu.

Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi, ungeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela kunethiwekhi yakho futhi ukhawulele umonakalo ongaba khona wedivayisi eyonakalisiwe.

Ibuyekeza i-firmware yerutha

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kanjalo nezinsongo ekuvikelekeni kwethu ku-inthanethi. Ukuvikela irutha yakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi nakubagebengu kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Ukulandela amathiphu nezindlela ezihamba phambili ezichazwe kulo mhlahlandlela kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha komzila wakho futhi kuvikele inqaba yakho yedijithali.

Khumbula ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo amisiwe, ubuyekeze i-firmware njalo, uvule izindonga zokuvikela nokubethela, sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile we-Wi-Fi, futhi usebenzise ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi. Lezi zinyathelo ezisebenzayo zingaqinisa umzila wakho futhi zivikele inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya ekusongweni kwe-inthanethi.

Ngakho-ke, thatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo namuhla ukuze uvikele irutha yakho futhi uqinisekise ukuphepha komhlaba wakho wedijithali. Ubumfihlo bakho nokuvikeleka kuyakufanelekela. Hlala uphephile!

Inika amandla ama-firewalls kanye nokubethela

Ukubuyekeza i-firmware yerutha yakho kubalulekile ukuze uvikele idivayisi yakho ekubeni sengozini yakamuva yokuvikeleka. Abakhiqizi bavame ukukhulula izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezibhekana neziphazamisi, ezithuthukisa ukusebenza, futhi ziqinise ukuvikeleka. Nansi indlela yokuvuselela i-firmware yerutha yakho:

1. Hlola Izibuyekezo: Vakashela iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi noma iphaneli yokulawula yomzila ukuze uhlole izibuyekezo ezitholakalayo ze-firmware. Qiniseka ukuthi ulanda inguqulo ye-firmware efanele yemodeli yakho yomzila.

2. Gcina izilungiselelo zakho: Ngaphambi kokubuyekeza i-firmware, kubalulekile ukwenza isipele izilungiselelo zakho zomzila. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukubuyisela ngokushesha izilungiselelo zakho uma kukhona okungahambi kahle phakathi nenqubo yokubuyekeza.

3. Faka Isibuyekezo: Landela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi ukuze ufake isibuyekezo se-firmware. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kuhilela ukulayisha ifayela le-firmware elilandiwe kumzila wakho ngephaneli yokulawula.

Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola izibuyekezo ze-firmware futhi uzifake ngokushesha ukuze uzivikele ezinsongweni ezivelayo.

Ukusebenzisa amaphasiwedi e-Wi-Fi aqinile

I-firewall iyisithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi nomhlaba wangaphandle, eqapha ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Amarutha amaningi eza nama-firewall akhelwe ngaphakathi anganikwa amandla ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula:

1. Finyelela Iphaneli Yokulawula: Vula isiphequluli sakho sewebhu bese ufaka ikheli le-IP lomzila wakho ukuze ufinyelele iphaneli yokulawula. Ikheli le-IP elizenzakalelayo livame ukushiwo emibhalweni yomzila.

2. Nika amandla i-Firewall: Bheka futhi uvule izilungiselelo ze-firewall kuphaneli yomqondisi. Kuye ngomzila wakho, ungase ube nezinketho zokwenza ngokwezifiso imithetho ye-firewall futhi uvimbe izinhlobo ezithile zethrafikhi.

3. Nika amandla Ukubethela: Ukubethela kuqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi ivikelekile futhi kuvimbela abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe ukuthi bafinyelele inethiwekhi yakho. Khetha indlela eqine kakhulu yokubethela esekelwa umzila wakho, njenge-WPA2-PSK (AES).

Ngokunika amandla i-firewall nokubethela kumzila wakho, ungeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela kunethiwekhi yakho, okwenza kube nzima ngezigebengu ze-inthanethi ukuthi zifinyelele.

Isebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi

Iphasiwedi eqinile ye-Wi-Fi iwukuvikela kokuqala ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Landela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili ukuze udale okuqinile Iphasiwedi ye-Wi-Fi:

1. Ubude Nokuyinkimbinkimbi: Sebenzisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezimpawu. Khomba ubude bephasiwedi okungenani enezinhlamvu eziyi-12 ukwenza kube nzima ukuqhekeka.

2. Gwema Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu: Ungasebenzisi ulwazi oluqagela kalula, njengegama lakho, ikheli, noma usuku lokuzalwa, njengengxenye yephasiwedi yakho. Abaduni bangathola kalula lolu lwazi ku-inthanethi.

3. Ukushintsha Njalo Amagama Ayimfihlo: Ukushintsha iphasiwedi yakho ye-Wi-Fi ngezikhathi ezithile kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Khomba ukuyishintsha njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3-6 noma ngokushesha uma usola ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha.

Khumbula ukubuyekeza iphasiwedi kuwo wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe uma usuyishintshile ukuze uqinisekise ukufinyelela okuqhubekayo kunethiwekhi yakho.

Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze uvikele irutha yakho

Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kubandakanya ukuhlukanisa inethiwekhi yakho ibe amasegimenti amancane, angawodwa ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Ngokwakha amanethiwekhi ahlukene wamadivayisi ahlukene noma amaqembu abasebenzisi, ungakhawulela umthelela wokuphulwa kwezokuphepha. Nansi indlela ongasebenzisa ngayo ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi:

1. Khomba Amadivayisi Namaqembu Abasebenzisi: Thola ukuthi yimaphi amadivayisi noma amaqembu abasebenzisi adinga amaleveli okufinyelela ahlukene. Isibonelo, ungase ufune ukuhlukanisa amadivayisi e-IoT kunethiwekhi yakho eyinhloko noma udale inethiwekhi yesivakashi yezivakashi.

2. Setha ama-VLAN: Amanethiwekhi Asendaweni Ebonakalayo (ama-VLAN) akuvumela ukuthi udale amanethiwekhi anengqondo ahlukene ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yakho ebonakalayo. Lungiselela ama-VLAN kumzila wakho ukuze uhlukanise amadivayisi noma amaqembu abasebenzisi.

3. Lungiselela Ukulawula Ukufinyelela: Setha uhlu lokulawula ukufinyelela (ACLs) ukuze ulawule ingxenye yethrafikhi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi noma amaqembu abasebenzisi angaxhumana kuphela nezinsiza ezigunyaziwe.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi kunikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngokukhawulela umonakalo ongadalwa ukuphulwa kwezokuphepha. Iphinde ivumele ukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okungcono nokuxazulula izinkinga kalula.