Ukugcina ibhizinisi lakho elincane livikelekile ku-inthanethi akumele kube umsebenzi onzima. Funda izinto eziyisisekelo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi ngalo mhlahlandlela obanzi.
Njengomnikazi webhizinisi elincane, uvikela idatha yakho ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi. Ukuze uhlale ngaphambi kwezinsongo ezingaba khona, kubalulekile ukuqonda izisekelo zokuphepha ku-inthanethi futhi usebenzise amathuluzi atholakalayo namasu okugcina ulwazi lwakho luphephile futhi luvikelekile.
Setha i-Firewall.
Ama-firewall ayimfuneko ngokuphelele kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elifuna ukugcina idatha yalo ivikelekile. I-firewall ivikela ekuhlaselweni kwangaphandle ngokuqapha ithrafikhi futhi ivimbe ama-IP anonya ukuthi angaxhumeki kunethiwekhi yakho. Sicela usethe i-firewall ehambisana nezidingo zebhizinisi lakho elincane futhi uyiqaphe ngokucophelela.
Sebenzisa Amaphasiwedi Aqinile.
Ukudala nokuphatha amaphasiwedi aqinile ngesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ongazithatha ukuze uvikele idatha yebhizinisi lakho. Amagama-mfihlo kufanele okungenani abe nezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili futhi ahlanganise nezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izimpawu, nezinombolo. Ukwengeza, kufanele zishintshwe njalo ukuze abahlaseli bakwazi ukugwema ukuqagela noma ukuzintshontsha. Ukugcina amaphasiwedi azwelayo endaweni ye-password kungasiza futhi ukuvikela idatha yebhizinisi lakho ngokukuvumela ukuthi ukhiye wonke lawo maphasiwedi ayinkimbinkimbi.
Faka i-Anti-Virus Software.
Ngaphezu kwamaphasiwedi aqinile, kufanele ufake isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane kuwo wonke amakhompyutha akho. Isofthiwe elwa namagciwane isiza ukuthola nokukhipha amagciwane, inhloli, nezinye izinhlelo ezinonya ezingabeka idatha yakho engcupheni. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa izikena njalo—mhlawumbe nsuku zonke—futhi uhlolele izibuyekezo ukuze uhlale usebenzisa inguqulo yakamuva yesofthiwe. Ukwengeza, gwema ukuchofoza kunoma yiziphi izixhumanisi noma okunamathiselwe kuma-imeyili abonakala esolisayo noma avela kumakheli angaziwa.
Sebenzisa i-Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA).
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi, okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwezinyathelo ezimbili, kuyisinyathelo sokuphepha esidinga ulwazi olwengeziwe ngaphandle kwegama lakho lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi. Lesi sendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela senza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthi izigebengu ze-inthanethi zifinyelele ama-akhawunti akho ngokuqagela amagama ayimfihlo noma imikhonyovu yobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi. Isibonelo, ezinye izindlela zokuqinisekisa izinto eziningi zidinga ukuthi ufake ikhodi ethunyelwe ocingweni lwakho ngaphambi nje kokungena ku-akhawunti eku-inthanethi. Ezinye izindlela zidinga ukuqinisekiswa kwe-biometric, njengokuskena kobuso noma ukubonwa kwezigxivizo zeminwe. Ngezendlalelo eziningi zokuphepha, unciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuthi idatha yebhizinisi lakho yephulwe noma yebiwe.
Gcina Idatha Yakho Njalo.
Ukuhlala usekela idatha yakho ngesixazululo sesitoreji samafu esingekho kusayithi kungenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma ugcina ulwazi lwekhasimende olubucayi noma lwebhizinisi ku-inthanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixazululo zokulondoloza ifu kufanele zifake ukubethela ukuze uthole ukuphepha okungeziwe. Okokugcina, ungasetha izipele ezihleliwe ukuze ugcine ngokuphephile yonke idatha yakho ngaphambi kokuthi yonakaliswe noma isuswe.
Ibhizinisi Elincane, Izinsongo Ezinkulu: Inkosi Yobuciko Bokuphepha Kwe-Cyber yeNkampani Yakho
Amabhizinisi amancane angase abe mancane, kodwa awavikelekile ezinsongweni ezibalulekile zokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Ngokuvamile zibonwa njengezisulu ezilula ngabagebengu kanye nezigebengu ze-inthanethi. Imiphumela yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi ingaba mibi kakhulu - kusukela ekulahlekelweni yimali kanye nokulimala kuya ekulahlekelweni yithemba kwamakhasimende ngisho nezikweletu ezisemthethweni. Kungakho amabhizinisi amancane kumele abe yingcweti kwezokuvikela ku-inthanethi futhi azivikele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinyathelo ezibalulekile namasu amabhizinisi amancane angawasebenzisa ukuze athuthukise ukuvikela kwawo ku-inthanethi. Kusukela ekuqiniseni amaphasiwedi nasekusebenziseni ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziningi kuya ekuqeqesheni izisebenzi ngezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ze-cybersecurity, sizohlinzeka ngamathiphu asebenzayo kanye nemininingwane engenzeka engasiza ekuvikeleni ulwazi olubucayi lwenkampani yakho. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo nokuhlala unolwazi mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva, amabhizinisi amancane anganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuba izisulu zokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.
Ungavumeli usayizi webhizinisi lakho ukukhohlise - uma kuziwa ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi, izitembu ziphezulu. Ake singene kwezokuphepha ku-inthanethi futhi sifunde ukuvikela ibhizinisi lakho elincane ezinsongweni ezibalulekile.
Ukuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphepha ku-inthanethi emabhizinisini amancane
I-Cybersecurity akuyona nje ukukhathazeka kwezinkampani ezinkulu. Amabhizinisi amancane asengozini ngokulinganayo ekuhlaselweni nge-inthanethi, uma kungenjalo. Abagebengu be-inthanethi kanye nezigebengu ze-inthanethi bavame ukukhomba amabhizinisi amancane ngoba bavame ukuba nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka. Bayazi ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane angahle angabi nazo izinsiza noma ubuhlakani bokutshala ezisombululweni eziqinile ze-cybersecurity, okuwenza abe yimpokophelo elula.
Imiphumela yokuhlaselwa okuyimpumelelo ku-inthanethi ingaba yingozi ebhizinisini elincane. Kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali ngenxa yezimali ezebiwe, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza, noma izindleko zokuphinda zibuyiselwe kusukela ekuhlaselweni. Ukuhlasela ku-inthanethi kungalimaza isithunzi sebhizinisi elincane, kubangele ukulahlekelwa ukwethenjwa kwekhasimende kanye nezikweletu ezingokomthetho ezingaba khona. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi amancane kufanele abeke phambili ukuphepha ku-inthanethi futhi azivikele ngokuqhubekayo.
Izinsongo ezijwayelekile ze-inthanethi amabhizinisi amancane abhekana nazo
Amabhizinisi amancane abhekana nezinsongo ezihlukahlukene ze-inthanethi ezingafaka engozini idatha nezinhlelo zabo ezibucayi. Ukuqonda lezi zinsongo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwakha ukuzivikela okuqinile. Olunye usongo oluvamile ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, lapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi zisebenzisa ama-imeyili akhohlisayo noma imilayezo ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzi ukuthi baveze ulwazi olubucayi noma bafake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Olunye usongo oluvamile i-ransomware, lapho abaduni bebethela idatha yebhizinisi elincane futhi bafuna isihlengo ukuze ikhululwe. Ezinye izinsongo zihlanganisa ukutheleleka nge-malware, ukuhlaselwa konjiniyela bezenhlalo, nezinsongo zangaphakathi.
Amabhizinisi amancane adinga ukuhlala enolwazi mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva kanye nezitayela. Izigebengu ze-Cybercriminal zihlala zishintsha amaqhinga, ngakho amabhizinisi amancane kufanele avuselele ngokuqhubekayo izindlela zawo zokuphepha. Ngokuhlala zinolwazi, izinkampani ezincane zingazivikela kangcono ezinsongweni ezivelayo kanye nokuba sengozini.
Imiphumela yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi emabhizinisini amancane
Imiphumela yokuhlaselwa kwe-inthanethi ebhizinisini elincane ingaba yinde futhi ihlukumeze kakhulu. Okokuqala nokubalulekile, ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuphumelelayo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali. Izinkampani ezincane zingase zilahlekelwe yimali ngenxa yolwazi lwasebhange oluntshontshiwe noma ukuthengiselana ngomgunyathi. Bangase futhi babhekane nezindleko ezihlobene nokululama kusukela ekuhlaselweni, njengokubuyiselwa kwedatha, ukulungiswa kwesistimu, nezinkokhelo zomthetho. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwezimali kungaba yingozi ikakhulukazi kumabhizinisi amancane anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
Ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa kwezimali, ukuhlasela ku-inthanethi kungalimaza kakhulu isithunzi sebhizinisi elincane. Amakhasimende namakhasimende angase alahlekelwe ukwethemba ikhono lebhizinisi lokuvikela ulwazi lwawo olubucayi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwebhizinisi kanye nomonakalo wesikhathi eside ongaba khona. Amabhizinisi amancane athembele kakhulu esithunzini sabo kanye nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi kube nezinyathelo eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi ukuze kuvinjelwe izigameko ezinjalo.
Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuphepha kwe-Cyber zamabhizinisi amancane
Ukuze uvikele ibhizinisi lakho elincane ekusongweni ku-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isu eliphelele lokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu okufanele wonke amabhizinisi amancane azicabangele:
Ukudala inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile
Ukudala inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile kungenye yezindlela ezilula kodwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Khuthaza abasebenzi bakho ukuthi basebenzise amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Umphathi wephasiwedi angakwazi futhi ukusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bakhiqize futhi bagcine ngokuphephile amaphasiwedi abo. Hlala ukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuthi babuyekeze amagama abo ayimfihlo futhi bagweme ukusebenzisa igama-mfihlo elifanayo kuma-akhawunti amaningi.
Ukusebenzisa ama-firewall athembekile kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane
I-firewall ne-anti-virus software ibalulekile ekuvikeleni amanethiwekhi namadivayisi ebhizinisi lakho elincane. I-firewall isebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi ne-inthanethi, kuyilapho isofthiwe elwa namagciwane ithola futhi isuse isofthiwe eyingozi ezinhlelweni zakho. Faka futhi ubuyekeze njalo ama-firewall athembekile kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphezulu ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha ku-inthanethi
Izisebenzi zivame ukuba yisixhumanisi esibuthaka kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwe-cyber yebhizinisi elincane. Yenza izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezijwayelekile ukuze ufundise abasebenzi bakho mayelana nemikhuba engcono kakhulu yokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Bafundise ukukhomba ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, bagweme ukuchofoza izixhumanisi ezisolisayo, futhi babike umsebenzi osolisayo. Khuthaza isiko lokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha ku-inthanethi futhi wenze kucace ukuthi wonke umuntu unendima okufanele ayibambe ekuvikeleni imininingwane ebucayi yenkampani.
Isekela njalo idatha futhi isebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthola idatha.
Ukusekela njalo idatha yebhizinisi lakho elincane kubalulekile uma kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Gcina idatha yakho kusigcinalwazi sangaphandle noma isevisi yesitoreji samafu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma amasistimu akho esengozini, ungakwazi ukubuyisela idatha yakho futhi unciphise umthelela wokuhlasela. Ukwengeza, thuthukisa uhlelo oluphelele lokutholwa kwedatha oluchaza izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe uma kwenzeka ukwephulwa kwedatha noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Ukuqasha ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi noma izinsizakalo zokuthumela ngaphandle
Uma ibhizinisi lakho elincane lintula ubungcweti bangaphakathi bokuphatha ukuphepha ku-inthanethi, cabanga ngokuqasha ochwepheshe noma ukukhiphela ngaphandle izinsiza. Ochwepheshe be-Cybersecurity bangahlola ubungozi bebhizinisi lakho elincane, bathuthukise uhlelo lokuphepha olwenziwe ngokwezifiso, futhi banikeze ukuqapha nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo. Ukukhipha izinsiza zokuphepha ku-inthanethi kumhlinzeki othembekile wenkampani yangaphandle kungabiza futhi kumabhizinisi amancane anezinsiza ezilinganiselwe.
Ukudala inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile
Amabhizinisi amancane awavikelekile ezinsongweni ezibalulekile zokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Imiphumela yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi ingaba mibi kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa amasu alungile kanye nezindlela ezihamba phambili, amabhizinisi amancane anganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sokusatshiswa nge-inthanethi. Izinkampani ezincane zingazivikela ngokuqhubekayo ngokwenza inqubomgomo eqinile yephasiwedi nokusebenzisa izikhiyamlilo ezithembekile ukuze ziqeqeshe abasebenzi ngokuqwashisa nge-cybersecurity futhi zenze ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha njalo.
Khumbula, ukuphepha kohleloxhumano ngesiqoqelalwazi kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. Hlala unolwazi mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva namathrendi, futhi ubuyekeze njalo izindlela zakho zokuphepha ukuze uhlale uphambili kunezigebengu ze-inthanethi. Ngokuba ingcweti kwezokuvikela ku-inthanethi, ibhizinisi lakho elincane lingavikela imininingwane yalo ebucayi, livikele isithunzi salo, futhi lichume enkathini yedijithali.
Ukusebenzisa ama-firewall athembekile kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane
Ukudala inqubomgomo eqinile yephasiwedi kungesinye sezinyathelo zokuqala zokuthuthukisa ukuvikela ku-inthanethi. Amagama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka noma aqageleka kalula angobunye bobungozi obuyinhloko izigebengu ezizisebenzisayo. Nawa amanye amathiphu angakusiza ukuthi udale inqubomgomo yephasiwedi eqinile:
1. Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi: Khuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi basebenzise amagama ayimfihlo okungenani izinhlamvu eziyi-12 ubude futhi bahlanganise inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.
2. Sebenzisa ukuzungezisa iphasiwedi: Hlala ukhumbuza abasebenzi ukuthi bashintshe amagama abo ayimfihlo njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-90 ukuze bagweme ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
3. Gwema ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwephasiwedi: Khubaza abasebenzi ekusebenziseni igama-mfihlo elifanayo kuma-akhawunti amaningi, njengoba lokhu kwandisa ubungozi uma i-akhawunti eyodwa ifakwa engcupheni.
Ukusebenzisa lezi zinyathelo kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuvikeleka kwamasistimu akho futhi kuvikele ulwazi olubucayi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi ngokuqwashisa ngezokuphepha ku-inthanethi
I-firewall ne-anti-virus software ibalulekile emabhizinisini amancane ukuze avikele amanethiwekhi awo kanye namadivayisi ezinsongweni ze-cyber. I-firewall isebenza njengesithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho yangaphakathi nomhlaba wangaphandle, iqapha ithrafikhi engenayo naphumayo ukuze ikhombe futhi ivimbe izinsongo ezingaba khona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isofthiwe elwa namagciwane iskena amafayela nezinhlelo zohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye namagciwane, iwavimbele ukuthi angatheleli amasistimu akho. Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuqalisa i-firewall ne-anti-virus software:
1. Khetha abathengisi abathembekile: Khetha izindonga zokuvikela kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane kubathengisi abathembekile abahlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ezivamile namapeshi ukuze ubhekane nezinsongo ezintsha.
2. Gcina isofthiwe isesikhathini samanje: Hlala ubuyekeza izinqamuleli zakho kanye nesofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi banezici zakamuva zokuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa ezinsongweni ezivelayo.
3. Lungiselela ama-firewall akho ukuze uvimbele izimbobo ezingadingekile namaphrothokholi futhi usethe imithetho ukuze uvumele ithrafikhi egunyaziwe kuphela.
Ngokusebenzisa ama-firewall athembekile kanye nesoftware elwa namagciwane, unganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kanye nokutheleleka okuvela kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha kanye namagciwane.
Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha njalo nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokutholwa kwedatha
Izisebenzi zivame ukuba yisixhumanisi esibuthaka kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwe-inthanethi kwenhlangano. Ukuchofoza okukodwa kusixhumanisi esinonya noma amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile angafaka engozini yonke inethiwekhi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ze-cybersecurity njalo. Nazi ezinye izindawo ezibalulekile okufanele ugxile kuzo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi:
1. Ukuqwashisa ngobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Fundisa abasebenzi mayelana namasu ajwayelekile obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kanye nendlela yokubona ama-imeyili asolisayo, okunamathiselwe, nezixhumanisi.
2. Imikhuba yokuphequlula ephephile: Fundisa abasebenzi ukubaluleka kokuvakashela amawebhusayithi athembekile kuphela nokugwema ukuchofoza izigelekeqe noma ukulanda amafayela emithonjeni engaziwa.
3. Ukuphepha kwedivayisi yeselula: Gcizelela isidingo sokuvikela amadivayisi eselula anamagama ayimfihlo aqinile futhi unike amandla izici ezifana nokusula ukude uma kwenzeka ukulahleka noma ukwebiwa.
Izikhathi zokuqeqesha ezivamile kanye nokuxhumana okuqhubekayo mayelana nokuphepha ku-inthanethi kungasiza ukudala isiko lokuqwashisa nokuqapha phakathi kwabasebenzi, kwehlise kakhulu ingcuphe yokuhlaselwa ngempumelelo.
Ukuqasha ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi noma izinsizakalo zokuthumela ngaphandle
Ukulahleka kwedatha kungaba yinhlekelele ebhizinisini elincane. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ransomware, ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo zingasula idatha ebalulekile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kanye nokuphazamiseka kokusebenza. Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha njalo nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuthola idatha kubalulekile emabhizinisini amancane. Nakhu okudingeka ukucabangele:
1. Izipele ezizenzakalelayo: Setha izipele ezizenzakalelayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idatha ebalulekile isekelwa njalo futhi igcinwe endaweni evikelekile, kuphakathi noma emafini.
2. Ukuhlola okuvamile: Hlola ngezikhathi ezithile inqubo yokuthola idatha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izipele zisebenza kahle futhi zingabuyiselwa esimweni esiphuthumayo.
3. Izipele zangaphandle: Gcina izipele endaweni engaxhunyiwe ukuze uvikele ekulimaleni okuphathekayo kwezakhiwo zakho, njengomlilo noma izikhukhula.
Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho njalo nokuba nohlelo oluchazwe kahle lokuthola kabusha idatha kunganciphisa umthelela wokulahleka kwedatha futhi kuqalise kabusha imisebenzi ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuba nesigameko.
Amabhizinisi amancane avame ukuntula izinsiza nobungcweti bokuphatha ukuphepha ku-inthanethi ngokuzimela. Ukuqasha ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi noma izinsizakalo zokuthumela ngaphandle kungaba inketho esebenzayo. Nazi ezinye zokucatshangelwa:
1. Ochwepheshe be-Cybersecurity: Cabangela ukuqasha ochwepheshe abazinikele be-cybersecurity abangahlola ubungozi benhlangano yakho, basebenzise izindlela zokuphepha, futhi banikeze ukuqapha nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo.
2. Abahlinzeki besevisi yokuphepha abaphethwe (ama-MSSP): Zibandakanye ne-MSSPs enikeza izinsiza eziphelele zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, ezifana nokuqapha okungu-24/7, ukusabela kwesigameko, nokuhlola ukuba sengozini.
3. Ukucatshangelwa kwezindleko: Linganisa izindleko zokuqasha ochwepheshe noma izinsizakalo zokukhishwa kwemisebenzi futhi uzilinganise ngokumelene nezingozi nemiphumela engase ibe khona yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.
Nakuba kungase kudinge ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukubhalisa usizo lochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi noma izinsizakalo zokukhishwa kwemisebenzi kunganikeza amabhizinisi amancane ulwazi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze avikeleke ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi ngempumelelo.
