Enkathini yedijithali yanamuhla, cyber kubaluleke kakhulu. Ithuluzi elilodwa elisebenzayo lokuvikela idatha yakho nenethiwekhi isistimu yokuthola ukungena kokungena (IDS). Lolu hlelo lusebenza ngokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokuhlonza umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongagunyaziwe. I-IDS ibalulekile ekuvikeleni ulwazi olubucayi ngokuthola ngokushesha nokusabela ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinzuzo kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokutholwa kokungena ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi.
Yini i-Intrusion Detection System (IDS)?
An Uhlelo Lokutholwa Kokungena (IDS) isofthiwe noma ithuluzi lehadiwe eliqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi lihlonze umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongagunyaziwe. Ihlaziya amaphakethe enethiwekhi futhi iwaqhathanise nezisiginesha zokuhlasela ezaziwayo noma izizindalwazi zamaphethini. Uma i-IDS ithola noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okufanayo nalawa masiginesha noma amamaki, iphakamisa isexwayiso noma ithathe isinyathelo ukuze inciphise usongo. Ama-IDS angahlukaniswa abe ama-IDS asekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS) kanye nama-IDS asekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS). I-NIDS iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, kuyilapho i-HIDS iqapha umsebenzi kubasingathi abangabodwana noma amadivayisi. Ngokukhipha i-IDS, izinhlangano zingathuthukisa ukuphepha kwazo ku-inthanethi ngokuthola futhi ziphendule ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sangempela, ziqinisekise ukuphepha kwedatha yazo nenethiwekhi.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokubona Ukungenwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): i-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS) kanye ne-IDS esekelwe kumsingathi (HIDS).
1. I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS): Le IDS iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi ihlaziya amaphakethe ukuze ihlonze umsebenzi osolisayo noma ongagunyaziwe. Isebenza kuleveli yenethiwekhi futhi ingathola ukuhlasela okuqondiswe kubasingathi abaningi noma amadivayisi. I-NIDS ingasatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kunethiwekhi, njengalapho kuzungezu noma ngaphakathi kwamasegimenti athile, ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukusabalala okuphelele.
2. I-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS): I-HIDS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxile emsebenzini wokuqapha kubasingathi ngabanye noma kumadivayisi. Isebenza kusistimu yokusebenza noma ileveli yohlelo lokusebenza futhi ingathola ukuhlasela okuqondiswe kubasingathi abathile. I-HIDS inganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nomsebenzi womsingathi othile, okuvumela impendulo eqondiwe kakhulu kanye nokunciphisa.
Kokubili i-NIDS ne-HIDS zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Ngokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nomsebenzi womsingathi, ama-IDS angakwazi ukuhlonza izinsongo ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sangempela futhi aphakamise izexwayiso noma athathe isinyathelo sokunciphisa ubungozi. Le ndlela yokusebenza isiza izinhlangano ukuthi zivikele idatha yazo namanethiwekhi ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, nezinye izinsongo ze-inthanethi.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-IDS.
Ukusebenzisa Uhlelo Lokuthola Ukungenelela (IDS) kunganikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha ku-inthanethi.
1. Ukutholwa kosongo kusenesikhathi: Ama-IDS aqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nomsebenzi womsingathi ngesikhathi sangempela, okuvumela ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezinsongo ezingaba khona. Lokhu kuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi ziphendule ngokushesha futhi zinciphise ubungozi ngaphambi kokuthi zidale umonakalo omkhulu.
2. Impendulo yesigameko ethuthukisiwe: Ama-IDS aphakamisa izexwayiso noma athathe izinyathelo ezizenzakalelayo lapho kutholwa umsebenzi osolisayo. Lokhu kusiza izinhlangano ukuthi ziphendule ngokushesha ezinsongweni ezingaba khona futhi zinciphise umthelela wezigameko zokuphepha.
3. Ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe: Ama-IDS ahlinzeka ngolwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi nomsebenzi womsingathi, onikeza izinhlangano ukubonakala okukhulu kwesistimu. Lokhu kubonakala kungasiza ukukhomba ubungozi, ukulandelela ukuziphatha komsebenzisi, futhi kutholwe imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe.
4. Izidingo zokuthobelana: Izimboni eziningi zinezidingo ezithile zokuthobelana zokuvikela idatha. Ukusebenzisa i-IDS kungasiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlangabezane nalezi zidingo ngokunikeza indlela esheshayo yokuhlonza nokusabela ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.
5. Ukuvikelwa ezinsongweni ezivelayo: Ama-IDS avuselelwa njalo ngobuhlakani bakamuva obusongelayo, obuwavumela ukuthi abone futhi aphendule izinsongo ezintsha nezivelayo. Lokhu kusiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlale ngaphambi kwezigebengu ze-inthanethi futhi zivikele idatha yazo kumasu okuhlasela aguqukayo.
Sekukonke, ukusebenzisa i-IDS kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqiniseni ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Ngokuhlinzeka ngokuthola usongo kusenesikhathi, ukusabela kwesigameko okuthuthukisiwe, ukubonakala okuthuthukisiwe, ukusekela ukuthobela umthetho, nokuvikelwa ezinsongweni ezivelayo, ama-IDS asiza izinhlangano ukuthi zivikele idatha yazo namasistimu ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi.
Isebenza Kanjani I-IDS Ukuze Uthole Futhi Uphendule Ezinsongweni.
I-Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nomsebenzi womsingathi ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kutholwe futhi kuphendule izinsongo ezingaba khona. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-IDS: i-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS) kanye ne-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS).
I-NIDS iqapha futhi ihlaziye ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ngomsebenzi osolisayo, njengoxhumano olungajwayelekile noma amaphethini okudlulisa idatha. Isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, njengokutholwa kwesiginesha kanye nokuthola okungaqondakali, ukukhomba izinsongo ezingaba khona. Uma kutholwa umsebenzi osolisayo, i-NIDS iphakamisa isexwayiso noma ithathe izinyathelo ezizenzakalelayo ukunciphisa ubungozi.
I-HIDS, ngakolunye uhlangothi, igxile ekuqapheni umsebenzi wabasingathi ngamunye noma izindawo zokugcina. Ibheka izimpawu zokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ukutheleleka nge-malware, noma eminye imisebenzi enonya. I-HIDS ingathola izinguquko kumafayela esistimu, okufakiwe kurejista, noma ukulungiselelwa kwenethiwekhi okungase kubonise ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha. Njenge-NIDS, i-HIDS iphakamisa izexwayiso noma yenza izenzo ezizenzakalelayo lapho ithola umsebenzi osolisayo.
Kokubili i-NIDS ne-HIDS zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zinikeze ukutholwa nokusabela okuphelele kokusongela. Baqoqa futhi bahlaziye idatha kusuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengamaphakethe enethiwekhi, amalogi esistimu, namalogi emicimbi yezokuphepha, ukuze babone izinsongo ezingaba khona. Uma kutholwa usongo, i-IDS iphakamisa isexwayiso noma ithathe izinyathelo ezizenzakalelayo, ezifana nokuvimba ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma ukuvalela ababungazi abathelelekile.
Ngokungeziwe ekutholweni kosongo, ama-IDS aphinde ahlinzeke ngamakhono okuphendula isigameko. Bangakwazi ukukhiqiza imibiko enemininingwane namalogi emicimbi yezokuphepha, engasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya nophenyo lwe-forensic. Ama-IDS aphinde ahlanganiswe namanye amathuluzi okuvikela, njengezindonga zokuvikela kanye nesofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane, ukuze anikeze ukuzivikela okunengqimba ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
Ama-IDS abalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha ku-inthanethi ngokuthola nokusabela ezinsongweni ezingaba khona ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nomsebenzi womsingathi, ama-IDS asiza izinhlangano ukuthi zibone ubungozi, zilandelele ukuziphatha kwabasebenzisi, futhi zivikele idatha yabo namasistimu ekuhlaselweni kwe-inthanethi.
Izindlela Ezinhle Kakhulu Zokuphakela Nokuphatha i-IDS.
Ukukhipha nokuphatha Uhlelo Lokutholwa Kwe-Intrusion (IDS) ludinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokusebenzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwalo ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Nazi izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele:
1. Chaza izinhloso zakho: Chaza izinhloso zakho nezinjongo zokuthumela i-IDS. Nquma ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinsongo ofuna ukuzibona nokuthi yiliphi izinga lokuvikela olidingayo.
2. Yenza ukuhlolwa kobungozi: Hlola ubungozi benhlangano yakho kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona ukuze unqume izinga elifanele lokuphakelwa kwe-IDS. Khomba izimpahla ezibalulekile futhi ubeke phambili ukuvikela kwazo.
3. Khetha isisombululo esifanele se-IDS: Khetha isixazululo se-IDS esihambisana nezidingo zenhlangano yakho kanye nesabelomali. Cabangela ukuqina, ukusebenziseka kalula, nokuhlanganiswa namanye amathuluzi okuvikela.
4. Lungiselela kahle i-IDS: Lungiselela i-IDS ngokwezinqubo ezihamba phambili namazinga omkhakha. Enza ngendlela oyifisayo izilungiselelo ukuze zifane nendawo yenethiwekhi yenhlangano yakho nezinqubomgomo zokuphepha.
5. Hlaziya njalo futhi unamathisele i-IDS: Gcina isofthiwe ye-IDS isesikhathini samanje ngeziqephu zakamuva nezibuyekezo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingathola ngempumelelo futhi iphendule izinsongo ezintsha nezivelayo.
6. Qaphela futhi uhlaziye izexwayiso: Qaphela futhi uhlaziye amasignali akhiqizwa i-IDS. Phenya noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukunciphisa ubungozi.
7. Qeqesha abasebenzi bakho: Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa kubasebenzi bakho be-IT mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa nokuphatha ngempumelelo i-IDS. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda izexwayiso, ukuhumusha idatha, nokuphendula izinsongo ezingaba khona.
8. Buyekeza njalo futhi ulungise kahle i-IDS: Ibuyekeze ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uyilungise kahle ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa imithetho yokuthola, ukubuyekeza imininingo egciniwe yesiginesha, kanye nokwenza ngcono izindlela zokuxwayisa.
9. Hlanganisa namanye amathuluzi okuvikela: Hlanganisa i-IDS namanye amathuluzi okuvikela, njengama-firewall, isofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane, kanye nezinhlelo Zolwazi Lokuphepha kanye Nokuphathwa Kwemicimbi (SIEM). Lokhu kunikeza ukuzivikela okunengqimba ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
10. Yenza ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku kanye nokuhlola njalo: Hlaziya njalo futhi uhlole ukusebenza kahle kokuthunyelwa kwe-ID yakho. Lokhu kusiza ukukhomba izikhala noma ubuthakathaka ekumeni kwakho kokuvikela futhi kuvumela ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo.
Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, izinhlangano zingasebenzisa ngempumelelo futhi zilawule i-IDS ukuze zithuthukise ukuphepha kwazo ku-inthanethi futhi zivikele idatha yazo namasistimu ezingozini ezingaba khona.
