Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi kanye nedatha ekusongweni ku-inthanethi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ithuluzi elilodwa elisebenzayo endaweni ye-cybersecurity isistimu yokuthola ukungena kokungena (IDS). Le sistimu iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi ihlonze imisebenzi engagunyaziwe noma esolisayo engabonisa ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona. Ngokuqonda incazelo nenjongo ye-IDS, abantu ngabanye, nezinhlangano bangathatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo ukuze bavikele amanethiwekhi abo futhi bagweme izinsongo ezingaba khona.
Izinhlobo Zezinhlelo Zokubona Ukungenwa.
Kukhona amasistimu amabili okuthola ukungena okumaphakathi: I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS) kanye ne-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS).
1. I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS): Lolu hlobo lwe-IDS luqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi luhlaziya amaphakethe edatha ukuze luhlonze noma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo noma engagunyaziwe. I-NIDS ingathola ukuhlasela okuhlukahlukene, okufana nokuskena kwechweba, ukuhlaselwa kwe-denial of service (DoS), kanye nokutheleleka nge-malware. Isebenza ezingeni lenethiwekhi futhi ingasatshalaliswa ngobuchule ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi.
2. I-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS): Ngokungafani ne-NIDS, i-HIDS igxile ekuqapheni imisebenzi kumasistimu okusingatha ngabanye noma amaphoyinti okugcina. Ihlaziya amalogi esistimu, ubuqotho befayela, nokuziphatha komsebenzisi ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokungena noma zokufaka engozini. I-HIDS inganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nabasingathi abathile futhi iwusizo ngokukhethekile ekutholeni izinsongo zangaphakathi noma ukuhlasela okuqondise kumasistimu athile.
Kokubili i-NIDS ne-HIDS zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zikhetha ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ukuze ziqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphelele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.
Isebenza kanjani i-IDS.
Isistimu yokuthola ukungena kokungena (IDS) iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi kumasistimu osokhaya ngamunye ukuze ikhombe imisebenzi engagunyaziwe noma esolisayo. Ihlaziya amaphakethe edatha, izingodo zesistimu, ubuqotho befayela, nokuziphatha komsebenzisi.
I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS) isebenza ezingeni lenethiwekhi futhi ingatshalwa ngobuchule ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwengqalasizinda yenethiwekhi. Ihlaziya ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi ibheka amaphethini noma amasiginesha okuhlasela okwaziwayo, njengokuskena kwembobo, ukuhlaselwa kwe-denial of service (DoS), noma ukutheleleka nge-malware.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi (HIDS) igxile ekuqaphelweni kwemisebenzi kumasistimu okusingatha ngamanye noma izindawo zokugcina. Ibheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokungenela noma zokufaka engozini ngokuhlaziya amalogi esistimu, ubuqotho befayela, nokuziphatha komsebenzisi. I-HIDS inganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nabasingathi abathile futhi iwusizo ngokukhethekile ekutholeni izinsongo zangaphakathi noma ukuhlasela okuqondise kumasistimu athile.
Kokubili i-NIDS ne-HIDS zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi, futhi izinhlangano eziningi zikhetha ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela yakho kokubili ukuze ziqinisekise ukuvikeleka okuphelele ezinsongweni ezingaba khona. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nemisebenzi yosokhaya, i-IDS ingasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekuphenduleni ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona, okuvumela izinhlangano ukuthi zithathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela inethiwekhi yazo nedatha.
Izinzuzo Zokusebenzisa I-IDS.
Ukusebenzisa isistimu yokuthola ukungena kokungena (IDS) kunganikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa zezinhlangano mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi.
Okokuqala, i-IDS ingasiza ekutholeni nasekuvimbeleni ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi. I-IDS ingakwazi ukubona izinsongo ezingaba khona futhi ixwayise abalawuli ukuthi bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ngokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokuhlaziya amaphethini noma amasiginesha okuhlasela okwaziwayo. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphulwa kwedatha, ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kulwazi olubucayi, nezinye izigameko zokuphepha.
Okwesibili, i-IDS ingahlinzeka ngokuqapha kanye nezexwayiso ngesikhathi sangempela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo noma ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha okungaba khona kungatholwa futhi kuphendulwe ngokushesha, kuncishiswe umthelela kanye nomonakalo ongase ubangelwe ukuhlasela. Lokhu kungasiza izinhlangano zehlise ubungozi futhi zivikele inethiwekhi yazo nedatha ngempumelelo.
Okwesithathu, i-IDS ingasiza izinhlangano ukuthi zithobelane nezidingo zokulawula kanye namazinga omkhakha. Izimboni eziningi zinemithetho ethile nemihlahlandlela mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi, futhi ukusebenzisa i-IDS kungasiza izinhlangano ukuthi zihlangabezane nalezi zidingo. Lokhu kungasiza izinhlangano zigweme izinhlawulo, izinkinga zomthetho, nokulimala kwesithunzi okuhlobene nokungathobeli imithetho.
Ukwengeza, i-IDS inganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile nolwazi mayelana nethrafikhi yenethiwekhi nezigameko zokuphepha. Ngokuhlaziya idatha nokukhiqiza imibiko, i-IDS ingasiza izinhlangano zihlonze amathrendi, ubungozi, nezindawo zokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yazo. Lokhu kungasiza izinhlangano zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi zisebenzise izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuthuthukisa ukuma kwazo kokuvikeleka kukonke.
I-IDS ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi futhi ivikele izinhlangano ekusongweni. Ngokuqhubeka nokuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nemisebenzi yosokhaya, i-IDS ingasiza izinhlangano ukuthi zibone, ziphendule, futhi zinqande ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha, ziqinisekise ubuqotho nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwenethiwekhi yazo nedatha.
Amasu Nobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile be-IDS.
Amasu amaningana ajwayelekile nobuchwepheshe busetshenziswa kumasistimu okuthola ukungena ngaphakathi (IDS) ukuze kuqashwe ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokuhlonza izinsongo ezingaba khona.
1. Ukutholwa okusekelwe kusiginesha: Le nqubo iqhathanisa amaphethini wethrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokuziphatha ngokumelene nesizindalwazi samasiginesha aziwayo okuhlasela. Uma okufanayo kutholwa, isexwayiso siyakhiqizwa.
2. Ukutholwa okususelwe ngokungaziwa: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukusungula isisekelo sokuziphatha kwenethiwekhi evamile kanye nokuqapha ukuchezuka kulesi sisekelo. Noma yimiphi imisebenzi engajwayelekile noma esolisayo imakwe njengezinsongo ezingaba khona.
3. Ukutholwa okusekelwe ku-Heuristic: Le nqubo isebenzisa imithetho echazwe ngaphambilini kanye ne-algorithms ukukhomba amaphethini nokuziphatha okungase kubonise ukuhlasela. Ivumelana nezimo kakhulu kunokutholwa okusekelwe kusiginesha kodwa ingase ikhiqize amaphuzu amaningi angamanga.
4. Ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuhlaziya idatha yethrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokusebenzisa amamodeli ezibalo ukuze kutholakale okudidayo noma amaphethini angase abonise ukuhlasela.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokuziphatha kwenethiwekhi: Le nqubo ihlanganisa ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi nokuhlaziya ukuziphatha kwabasingathi ngabanye noma amadivayisi kunethiwekhi. Noma yikuphi ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile noma okusolisayo kumakwa njengokungaba usongo.
6. Amasistimu okuvimbela ukungena (IPS): Nakuba kungeyona indlela ye-IDS ngokuphelele, i-IPS ingahlanganiswa ne-IDS ukuze kutholwe futhi kuvinjwe futhi kuvinjwe izinsongo ezingaba khona.
7. I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi (NIDS): Lolu hlobo lwe-IDS luqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ezingeni lenethiwekhi, luhlaziya amaphakethe nokugeleza kwedatha ukuze kuhlonzwe izinsongo ezingaba khona.
8. I-IDS (HIDS) esekwe kubasingathi: Lolu hlobo lwe-IDS luqapha imisebenzi nokuziphatha kwabasingathi abangabodwana noma amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, lubheka noma yiziphi izimpawu zokufaka engozini noma ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
9. I-IDS ye-Hybrid ihlanganisa amasu okuqapha asekelwe kunethiwekhi kanye nasekelwe kubasingathi ukuze inikeze ukumbozwa okuphelele nekhono lokubona.
10. Ukufunda ngomshini nobuhlakani bokwenziwa: Lobu buchwepheshe busetshenziswa ngokwandayo ku-IDS ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukunemba kokutholwa nokunciphisa amanga. Ama-algorithms wokufunda komshini angahlaziya inani elikhulu ledatha futhi akhombe amaphethini noma okudidayo okungase kubonise ukuhlasela.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela nobuchwepheshe, i-IDS ingaqapha ngokuphumelelayo ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, ibone izinsongo ezingaba khona, futhi isize izinhlangano zivikele inethiwekhi yazo nedatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe nokuphulwa kwezokuphepha.
Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuthumela I-IDS.
Ukukhipha isistimu yokuthola intrusion (IDS) kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela nokusebenzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo ekuvikeleni inethiwekhi yakho. Nazi izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu okufanele uzicabangele:
1. Chaza izinhloso zakho: Zichaze ngokucacile izinjongo zakho zokuphepha kanye nalokho ofuna ukukuzuza nge-ID yakho. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi unqume isu elifanele lokusebenzisa nokucushwa.
2. Yenza ukuhlolwa kobungozi: Hlola ubungozi obungaba khona kanye nokuba sengozini kwenethiwekhi yakho ukuze uhlonze izindawo ezidinga ukunakwa kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubeke phambili ukuthunyelwa kwe-ID yakho futhi ugxile ezindaweni ezibalulekile.
3. Khetha isisombululo esifanele se-IDS: Izixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-IDS ziyatholakala emakethe, ngasinye sinamandla nobuthakathaka. Linganisa izinketho ezahlukene bese ukhetha okulingana kahle nezidingo nezidingo zenhlangano yakho.
4. Hlela isu lakho lokuthumela: Nquma ukuthi ungaziphakela kuphi izinzwa zakho ze-IDS ngobuchule. Cabangela izici ezifana ne-topology yenethiwekhi, amaphethini wethrafikhi, nezimpahla ezibalulekile. Ukumboza zonke izindawo zokungena zenethiwekhi yakho kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile kubalulekile.
5. Lungiselela i-ID yakho ngendlela efanele: Ukumisa kahle kubalulekile ukuze i-ID yakho isebenze ngempumelelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-IDS yakho ilungiselelwe ukuqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi efanele futhi ithole izinhlobo ezifiswayo zezinsongo.
6. Hlaziya futhi ulondoloze ama-ID akho: Gcina i-ID yakho isesikhathini samanje ngobuhlakani bakamuva obusabisayo nezibuyekezo zesiginesha. Buyekeza futhi ulungise imithetho nezinqubomgomo zakho ze-IDS ukuze uzivumelanise nezinsongo ezivelayo.
7. Qaphela futhi uhlaziye izexwayiso ze-IDS: Qaphela futhi uhlaziye izexwayiso ezikhiqizwa i-ID yakho. Phenya noma yimiphi imisebenzi esolisayo noma izinsongo ezingaba khona ngokushesha ukuze unciphise ubungozi.
8. Hlanganyela namanye amathuluzi okuvikela: Cabangela ukuhlanganisa i-ID yakho namanye amathuluzi okuvikela, njengama-firewall kanye nezinhlelo zokuvimbela intrusion (IPS), ukuze udale isu lokuvikela elinezingqimba. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa ukuma kwakho kokuvikeleka kukonke.
9. Qeqesha abasebenzi bakho: Nikeza ngoqeqesho ku-IT yakho namathimba okuvikela mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa nokuphatha ngempumelelo i-IDS. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi banamakhono adingekayo okuphendula kanye nokunciphisa izinsongo ezingaba khona.
10. Lihlole njalo futhi ubuyekeze isu lakho le-IDS: Lihlole kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kwalo. Hlala unolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe be-IDS futhi ulungise ukusetshenziswa kwakho nokucushwa ngokufanele.
Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-ID yakho futhi uthuthukise ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho.
