Ngabe ujwayelene ukuphepha kwekhompyutha? Zitholele zonke izinto eziyisisekelo - kusukela ekuqondeni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsongo kuya ekufundeni ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi - kulo mhlahlandlela okulula ukuwulandela.
Ngokuhlaselwa kwe-cyberattack, ukwebiwa kobunikazi, nesofthiwe enonya ehlala ivela futhi ivela, ukuqonda ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha sekubalulekile ezimpilweni zethu zedijithali. Kulo mhlahlandlela, sizofaka izisekelo zokuphepha kwekhompuyutha, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinsongo okufanele wazi, nokuthi kungani ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhlala uvikelekile kubaluleke kakhulu.
Kuyini Ukuvikeleka Kwekhompyutha?
Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha, okuphinde kwaziwe ngokuthi i-cybersecurity, kuvikela amakhompyutha, amanethiwekhi, izinhlelo, nedatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe noma ekonakaleni. Kubandakanya ukuvimbela umonakalo kanye nokuvikela idatha yomsebenzisi ngokuqapha abalingisi abanonya, amaphutha esofthiwe, nezinye izingozi zokuphepha. Nakuba izinyathelo zokuphepha zekhompuyutha zigxile kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwesofthiwe, zingase futhi zifake ukuvikelwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibonakalayo njengezingidi nezithiyo zokufinyelela.
Izinhlobo Zezinsongo Ze-Cybersecurity.
Izinsongo ze-Cybersecurity zihlala zishintsha futhi ziyavela, futhi ukuhlala unolwazi ngezingozi zakamuva kuyinselele. Izingozi ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, amagciwane, ukuhlaselwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, i-ransomware, nokuphulwa kwedatha. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha isofthiwe efakwe ohlelweni ngaphandle kwemvume engantshontsha noma yonakalise idatha yomsebenzisi. Amagciwane ayizinhlelo ezinonya ezisabaleleka zisuka kwenye ikhompyutha ziye kwenye futhi zikhiphe imiyalelo ngaphandle kolwazi lomsebenzisi. Ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kubandakanya ukuthumela ama-imeyili afihlwe njengemilayezo esemthethweni yokuthwebula ulwazi lomuntu siqu njengezinombolo zekhadi lesikweletu noma amaphasiwedi. I-Ransomware igciwane eliklanyelwe ukukhiya abasebenzisi ngaphandle kwemishini yabo baze bakhokhe imali yesihlengo. Okokugcina, ukwephulwa kwedatha kwenzeka lapho ulwazi oluyimfihlo lufinyelelwa ngokungekho emthethweni futhi budalulwa abalingisi abangaphandle kwenhlangano.
Ukusungula Imikhuba Emihle Yenhlanzeko Ye-Cybersecurity.
Ukwakha imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko ye-cybersecurity kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele kulezi zinsongo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuba namagama ayimfihlo aqinile nokuhlala uwashintsha, ukuvala izinsiza noma izinhlelo ezingadingekile, ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha kusigcinalwazi sangaphandle noma isevisi esekelwe emafini, ngaso sonke isikhathi usebenzisa inguqulo ebuyekeziwe kakhulu yesofthiwe ye-antivirus, nokugwema ama-imeyili asolisayo noma amawebhusayithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzifundisa mayelana nezinsongo zakamuva ze-inthanethi kubalulekile ukuze uhlale uqaphile futhi unolwazi mayelana nokuvikela uhlelo lwakho.
Ukuqonda Ukubaluleka Kokuvikela Ubumfihlo Bedatha.
Ukuvikela ubumfihlo bedatha yakho kubalulekile uma kuziwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwekhompyutha. Lokhu kusho ukwazi ukugcina ngokuphephile, ukusebenzisa, nokwabelana nganoma yiluphi ulwazi oluhlonza oluqoqayo kumakhasimende nakubasebenzi. Dala uhlelo lokuvikela oluchaza izinyathelo ozozithatha ukuze ugcine ubumfihlo bolwazi lomsebenzisi noma lwekhasimende futhi ubethele noma iyiphi idatha ebucayi okudingeka igcinwe noma idluliselwe ku-inthanethi. Ukufundisa wonke umuntu ngaphakathi kwehhovisi lakho ngokubaluleka kobumfihlo bedatha kuphinde kusize ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi bathobela izinqubomgomo.
Ukuhambisana Namazinga Obuchwepheshe Asafufusa Okuvikela I-Cybersecurity.
Kubalulekile ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bakamuva kanye nezindinganiso zokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi, njengoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlala zithuthukisa amaqhinga abo emzamweni wokwephula amasistimu. Amathuluzi amaningi, njengama-firewall, isofthiwe ye-antivirus, amathuluzi okuphatha iphasiwedi, nezixazululo zokubethela, ayatholakala ukuze asize ukuvikela kulezi zinsongo. Ukwengeza, qinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa izilinganiso zokuqinisekisa izinto ezimbili noma izinqubo zokuhlonza izinto eziningi noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka ukuze abasebenzisi bangagcini ngokufaka iphasiwedi eyodwa. Ngokuthatha lezi zinyathelo, unganciphisa amathuba okuhlasela kwe-inthanethi enhlanganweni yakho.
Ukukhiya Phansi Idatha Yakho: Ukubaluleka Kokuphepha Kwekhompyutha
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, izimpilo zethu zixhumene ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe. Kusukela emabhange kuya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, sithembele kumakhompyutha kanye ne-inthanethi cishe ngayo yonke into. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela okwandayo kubuchwepheshe kuza nengozi yokusatshiswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuphulwa kwedatha. Yilapho ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kuba okubalulekile.
Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha akukhona nje ukuvikela ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu noma idatha ebalulekile; imayelana nokuvikela ubuwena kanye nobumfihlo endaweni yedijithali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu oyedwa noma ibhizinisi, ukuvikela amakhompyutha akho namanethiwekhi kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi, abaduni bahlala bethola izindlela ezintsha zokuxhaphaza ubungozi futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe olwazini olubucayi.
Ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuphepha zekhompuyutha ezisebenzayo, unganciphisa ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sobugebengu bamakhompuyutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ukugcina isofthiwe yakho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zisesikhathini samanje, ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane, kanye nokwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho njalo. Lezi zinyathelo zizovikela ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu futhi ziqinisekise ukuthula kwengqondo kulo mhlaba oxhumeka kakhulu.
Ungalindi uze ube yisisulu; thatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuvala idatha yakho futhi uvikele impilo yakho yedijithali.
Ukuqonda ukuphepha kwekhompyutha
Emhlabeni wanamuhla oxhumene, ukuqonda ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwakho ku-inthanethi. Ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kusho izinyathelo nezinqubo ezithathwayo ukuze kuvikelwe amakhompyutha, amanethiwekhi, kanye nedatha ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ukwebiwa, kanye nokulimala. Kubandakanya amasu ahlukahlukene, ubuchwepheshe, nezinqubo ezihamba phambili ezihlose ukuvikela izimpahla zakho zedijithali nokugcina ubumfihlo nobuqotho bolwazi lwakho.
Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha kuhlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, ukuphepha kwedatha, ukuphepha kohlelo lokusebenza, nokwazi komsebenzisi. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezisebenzayo, unganciphisa ubungozi bokusongelwa nge-inthanethi futhi uzivikele ekulimaleni okungaba khona.
Ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha akukhona nje ukuvikela ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu noma idatha ebalulekile; imayelana nokuvikela ubuwena kanye nobumfihlo endaweni yedijithali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumuntu oyedwa noma ibhizinisi, ukuvikela amakhompyutha akho namanethiwekhi kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi, abaduni bahlala bethola izindlela ezintsha zokuxhaphaza ubungozi futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe olwazini olubucayi.
Ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, izimpilo zethu zixhumene ngokujulile nobuchwepheshe. Kusukela emabhange kuya ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, sithembele kumakhompyutha kanye ne-inthanethi cishe ngayo yonke into. Kodwa-ke, ukuthembela okwandayo kubuchwepheshe kuza nengozi yokusatshiswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokuphulwa kwedatha. Yilapho ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kuba okubalulekile.
Ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha angeke kweqiswe. Imayelana nokuvikela imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu kanye nempahla yezezimali, ukuvikela isithunzi sakho, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, usengozini yokusongelwa nge-inthanethi ehlukahlukene, njengokwebiwa kobunikazi, ukuhlaselwa kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, izifo eziwuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, kanye nokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudatha ebucayi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi asengozini ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobuningi bedatha ayibambayo, okuhlanganisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende, izimfihlo zokuhweba, namarekhodi ezezimali. Ukwephulwa kwedatha kungaba nemiphumela enzima ebhizinisini, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa kwezimali, ukulinyazwa kwesithunzi, nemithelela yezomthetho. Ngakho-ke, ukutshala imali ezindleleni eziqinile zokuphepha kwekhompiyutha akuyona nje umkhuba ongcono kakhulu kodwa isinyathelo esidingekayo sokusinda nempumelelo yanoma iyiphi inhlangano endaweni yedijithali yanamuhla.
Izinhlobo zezinsongo zokuphepha zekhompyutha
Ukuqonda izinsongo zokuphepha zekhompyutha kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ngempumelelo impahla yakho yedijithali. Izinsongo ze-Cyber zingafika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile nomthelela ongaba khona. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezivamile zokusongela kokuphepha kwekhompyutha:
1. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha isofthiwe enonya eklanyelwe ukulimaza noma ukuxhaphaza amakhompyutha namanethiwekhi. Kuhlanganisa amagciwane, izikelemu, Trojans, ransomware, kanye spyware. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lungangena ohlelweni lwakho ngokunamathiselwe kwi-imeyili okuyingozi, ukulanda okungaphephile, noma ngokuvakashela amawebhusayithi onakalisiwe.
2. Ubugebengu Bokweba imininingwane ebucayi: Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi buyindlela izigebengu ze-inthanethi ezisetshenziswa ngayo ukuze bakhohlise abantu ukuze baveze ulwazi olubucayi, olufana nemininingwane yokungena ngemvume noma imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu. Ukuhlasela kobugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kuvame ukubandakanya ama-imeyili mbumbulu, imilayezo, noma amawebhusayithi alingisa izinhlangano ezisemthethweni, akhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze idatha yabo.
3. Ubunjiniyela Bezenhlalakahle: Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi bubandakanya ukukhohlisa abantu ukuthi badalule ulwazi oluyimfihlo noma benze izenzo ezithile ezingafaka ukuphepha engozini. Abahlaseli bangase basebenzise amaqhinga engqondo, njengokuzenza ongeyena, ukuqamba amanga, noma ukuyenga, ukuze basebenzise ubungozi bomuntu futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu noma idatha.
4. Ukuhlasela kwe-Denial-of-Service (DoS): Ukuhlasela kwe-DoS kuhloswe ukuphazamisa ukutholakala kwesistimu yekhompiyutha noma inethiwekhi ngokuyikhuphula ngokugcwala kwethrafikhi noma izicelo. Lokhu kuvimbela abasebenzisi abasemthethweni ukuthi bafinyelele isistimu noma isevisi, okubangela ukuphazamiseka noma ukulahlekelwa yimali.
5. Ukuphulwa Kwedatha: Kwephulwa umthetho lapho abantu abangagunyaziwe befinyelela idatha ebucayi, efana nolwazi lomuntu siqu noma amarekhodi ezezimali. Ukuphulwa kwedatha kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibuthakathaka, izinsongo zangaphakathi, noma ukuhlaselwa okuqondiwe.
Ukuqonda lezi zinsongo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokwenza isu elibanzi lokuvikela ikhompuyutha elibhekana nezingozi ezingaba khona kanye nokuba sengozini.
Ubungozi obujwayelekile be-cybersecurity
Ukuze uvikele ngempumelelo amasistimu akho ekhompuyutha namanethiwekhi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ubungozi obuvamile be-cybersecurity. Abahlaseli bangasebenzisa lobu bungozi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kudatha yakho noma bafake engozini ubuqotho bamasistimu akho. Ungathatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ukuze unciphise ubungozi ngokuqonda lobu buthakathaka. Obunye ubungozi obujwayelekile be-cybersecurity buhlanganisa:
1. Isofthiwe Ephelelwe Isikhathi Nezinhlelo Zokusebenza: Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi noma amasistimu okusebenza kungadalula ikhompuyutha yakho ebungozini bokuvikeleka. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukukhomba ubuthakathaka obaziwayo kusofthiwe engasasebenzi ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe noma bafake uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompyutha kusistimu yakho. Ukubuyekeza njalo isofthiwe yakho namasistimu okusebenza ngeziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva kunciphisa lezi zingozi.
2. Amaphasiwedi Abuthakathaka: Amagama ayimfihlo angaqinile ayingozi enkulu yezokuvikela. Abantu abaningi basasebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo okuqageleka kalula, njengokuthi “123456” noma “iphasiwedi.” Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingaqhekeza kalula amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka besebenzisa amathuluzi azenzakalelayo, zibanikeze ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuma-akhawunti akho kanye nolwazi olubucayi. Amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ahlukile ahlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha.
3. Ukushoda Kokuqinisekisa Okubili: Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA) kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha kuma-akhawunti akho aku-inthanethi. Idinga abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze ngezindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza, ngokuvamile iphasiwedi kanye nekhodi yokuqinisekisa ethunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini wabo, ngaphambi kokunikeza ukufinyelela. Ukunika amandla i-2FA lapho kunokwenzeka khona kunganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, ngisho noma iphasiwedi yakho isengozini.
4. Ukungabikho Kokubethela: Ukubethela kuyinqubo yombhalo wekhodi ukuze uvikeleke ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe. Ukubethela kwenza idatha yakho ibe sengcupheni yokuphazamiseka futhi isetshenziswe ngesikhathi sokudlulisa noma ukugcinwa. Ukusebenzisa amaphrothokholi wokubethela, njenge I-HTTPS yamawebhusayithi noma izinsiza ze-imeyili ezibethelwe, isiza ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo nobuqotho bedatha yakho.
Ngokubhekana nalobu buthakathaka nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yezinsongo ze-inthanethi futhi uvikele idatha yakho ebalulekile.
Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikela ikhompyutha
Ukulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezinciphisa ubungozi futhi zivikele izimpahla zakho zedijithali kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwekhompyutha. Ukufaka lezi zinqubo ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke kunganciphisa amathuba okuba yisisulu sokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuvikela ikhompyutha:
Ukudala Iphasiwedi Eqinile
Ukudala amaphasiwedi aqinile, ahlukile kungenye yezindlela ezilula kodwa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuvikela ama-akhawunti akho nedatha. Iphasiwedi eqinile kufanele okungenani ibe nezinhlamvu eziyisishiyagalombili ubude futhi ifake ingxube yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu olungaqagelwa kalula. Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi ehlukile ku-akhawunti ngayinye eku-inthanethi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ukwephulwa komthetho okukodwa ekufakeni engozini ama-akhawunti amaningi.
Ubuqiniso bokubili
Ukunika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (i-2FA) kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha kuma-akhawunti akho aku-inthanethi. Idinga abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze ngezindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza, ngokuvamile iphasiwedi kanye nekhodi yokuqinisekisa ethunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini wabo, ngaphambi kokunikeza ukufinyelela. Izinsizakalo eziningi eziku-inthanethi, ezifaka abahlinzeki be-imeyili, izinkundla zokuxhumana, nezikhungo zezezimali, zinikeza izinketho ze-2FA. Ukunika amandla i-2FA lapho kunokwenzeka khona kunikeza isithiyo esengeziwe ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe, ngisho noma iphasiwedi yakho isengozini.
Ukubethela kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwedatha
Ukubethela kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha yakho ihlala iyimfihlo futhi ivikelekile, ngisho noma iwela ezandleni ezingalungile. Ukusebenzisa izivumelwano zokubethela, njenge-HTTPS yamawebhusayithi noma izinsiza ze-imeyili ezibethelwe, kusiza ukuvikela idatha yakho ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Ukubhala ngekhodi amafayela namafolda abucayi kukhompuyutha yakho noma ukusebenzisa izisetshenziswa zokugcina ezibethelwe kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe.
Ukuvuselelwa Kwesoftware Okujwayelekile kanye Neziqephu
Ukugcina isofthiwe yakho namasistimu okusebenza esesikhathini samanje kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yakho. Onjiniyela bavamise ukukhipha izibuyekezo namapeshi ukuze balungise ubungozi bokuphepha futhi babhekane nezinkinga ezaziwayo. Ukufaka lezi zibuyekezo njalo kuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yakho ivikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva. Nika amandla izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka ukuze wenze inqubo ibe lula futhi unciphise ubungozi bokungabikho kwezibuyekezo ezibalulekile.
Ukulandela kanye nokuhlanganisa lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yakho futhi kuvikele impilo yakho yedijithali ezinsongweni ze-cyber.
Ukudala iphasiwedi eqinile
Ezweni lanamuhla ledijithali, ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukuthembela okwandayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwanda kwezinsongo ze-inthanethi eziyinkimbinkimbi kudinga izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuvikela ulwazi lwethu lomuntu siqu kanye nempahla yedijithali. Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompuyutha, ukuqaphela izinsongo ezivamile kanye nokuba sengozini, futhi ulandele imikhuba engcono kakhulu, ungakwazi ukulawula impilo yakho yedijithali futhi unciphise ingcuphe yokuba yisisulu sobugebengu bamakhompuyutha.
Ungalindi uze ube yisisulu; thatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokuvala idatha yakho futhi uvikele impilo yakho yedijithali. Ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha zekhompuyutha ezisebenzayo, ezifana nokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile, ukunika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili, ukubethela idatha ebucayi, nokugcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini, kubalulekile ukuze uzivikele wena, ibhizinisi lakho, kanye nobunikazi bakho be-inthanethi. Ngolwazi olufanele namathuluzi, ungakwazi ukuzulazula ngokuzethemba ukwakheka kwedijithali futhi uqinisekise ukuthula kwengqondo kulo mhlaba oxhumene kakhulu.
Ubuqiniso bokubili
Omunye wemigqa yokuqala yokuvikela yekhompiyutha ukudala iphasiwedi eqinile. Abantu abaningi benza iphutha lokusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo alula noma aqageleka kalula, njengokuthi “123456” noma “password.” Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingaqhekeza kalula lawa magama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka, zishiye ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu lusengozini. Ukuze udale iphasiwedi eqinile, landela le mihlahlandlela:
1. Sebenzisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile.
2. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama avamile, imishwana, noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu olungaqagelwa kalula.
3. Yenza iphasiwedi yakho okungenani ibe yizinhlamvu eziyi-8-12 ubude.
Khumbula ukwenza iphasiwedi ehlukile ye-akhawunti ngayinye futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa efanayo ezisekelweni eziningi. Uma enye yama-akhawunti akho isengozini, amanye azohlala evikelekile. Cabangela ukusebenzisa isiphathi sephasiwedi ukuze ugcine futhi wenze amaphasiwedi aqinile awo wonke ama-akhawunti akho ngokuphephile.
Ukubethela nokuvikelwa kwedatha
Ngenkathi igama eliyimfihlo eliqinile lihlinzeka ngezinga elihle lokuphepha, ukwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ngokusebenzisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili (2FA) kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yakho. I-2FA idinga ukuthi unikeze ngezindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza ngaphambi kokufinyelela kuma-akhawunti akho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ukufaka iphasiwedi yakho kanye nokuqinisekisa ubuwena ngendlela yesibili, njengokuskena kwezigxivizo zeminwe, ikhodi yokuqinisekisa yomlayezo wombhalo, noma umbuzo wokuphepha.
Ngokunika amandla i-2FA, ngisho noma othile engathola iphasiwedi yakho, ngeke akwazi ukufinyelela ama-akhawunti akho ngaphandle kwesici sesibili sokuqinisekisa. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kulwazi lwakho olubucayi, njengoba kungadinga ukuthi umgebengu we-inthanethi abe negunya lakho lesibili noma ulwazi lombuzo wakho wokuphepha.
Ukuvuselelwa kwesoftware ejwayelekile namapeshi
Ngokungeziwe ekusebenziseni amaphasiwedi aqinile kanye nokunika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili, ukubethela kubalulekile ekuvikeleni idatha yakho. Ukubethela kuguqula idatha yakho ibe yifomethi engafundwa kuphela noma ifinyelelwe ngokhiye wokukhipha ukubethela. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma ngabe idatha yakho iyabanjwa, ihlala ingafundeki futhi ingenamsebenzi kubantu abangagunyaziwe.
Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubethela, ezihlanganisa ukubethela ngasemaphethelweni, ziqinisekisa ukuthi umthumeli nomamukeli ohlosiwe kuphela ongakwazi ukufinyelela idatha. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemiyalezo ukuze kuvikelwe ubumfihlo bezingxoxo. Ukwengeza, ukubethela isigcinalwazi sakho noma amafayela athile namafolda kunikeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe uma kwenzeka idivayisi yakho ilahleka noma yebiwa.
Ukwenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yedatha yakho njalo kungenye into ebalulekile yokuvikela idatha. Ekuhlulekeni kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha, ukweba, noma ukuhlasela kwe-ransomware, ukwenza isipele kwakamuva kuqinisekisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukubuyisela idatha yakho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Cabangela ukusebenzisa izinsiza zesitoreji samafu noma ama-hard drive angaphandle ukuze ugcine izipele zakho ngokuphephile.
Isiphetho: Ukulawula ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yakho
Izinkampani zesoftware zihlala zikhipha izibuyekezo neziqephu ukuze zilungise ubungozi kanye neziphazamisi ku-software yazo. Lezi zibuyekezo zibalulekile ekugcineni ukuphepha kwamasistimu ekhompyutha yakho. Ukuziba izibuyekezo zesofthiwe kungashiya amadivayisi akho esengozini yobungozi obaziwayo abangaba izigebengu ze-inthanethi.
Kwenze umkhuba ukuhlola njalo izibuyekezo zesistimu yakho yokusebenza, isofthiwe yokulwa namagciwane, iziphequluli zewebhu, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Nika amandla izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhlala usebenzisa izinguqulo zakamuva, ezivikeleke kakhulu. Lezi zibuyekezo zithuthukisa ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yakho futhi zithuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwedivayisi yakho kukonke.
