Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ngokukhula kwezinsongo ze-inthanethi ezifana namagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, nokugetshengwa, ukuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho nolwazi lomuntu siqu kubalulekile. Nawa amathiphu ayishumi okusiza ukuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho futhi uyigcine ivikelekile.
Gcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini.
Enye yezindlela ezilula zokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ezinsongweni ze-cyber ukugcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini. Lokhu kufaka isistimu yakho yokusebenza, isiphequluli sewebhu, nenye isofthiwe oyisebenzisa njalo. Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe zivame ukuqukatha iziqephu zokuphepha ezikhuluma ngobungozi obaziwayo, ngakho ukuzifaka ngokushesha uma sezitholakala kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziningi zesofthiwe zinesici sokuvuselela okuzenzakalelayo ongasivumela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi uhlala unenguqulo yakamuva.
Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile futhi ahlukile.
Ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqinile futhi ahlukile ngesinye sezinyathelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela ikhompuyutha yakho ezinsongweni ze-cyber. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile noma imishwana; esikhundleni salokho, sebenzisa inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezimpawu. Ukusebenzisa iphasiwedi ehlukile ku-akhawunti ngayinye kubalulekile futhi ukuze ugcine amanye amathebhu akho evikelekile uma iphasiwedi eyodwa isengozini. Cabangela ukusebenzisa isiphathi sephasiwedi ukuze sikusize ukhiqize futhi ugcine amaphasiwedi aqinile.
Nika amandla ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha kuma-akhawunti akho ngokudinga uhlobo lwesibili lokuqinisekisa ngaphezu kwephasiwedi yakho. Lokhu kungaba ikhodi ethunyelwe kufoni yakho noma i-imeyili noma isici se-biometric njengesigxivizo somunwe noma ukubona ubuso. Izinsizakalo eziningi ze-inthanethi manje zinikeza ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezimbili njengenketho, futhi kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi uyinike amandla kunoma imaphi ama-akhawunti aqukethe ulwazi olubucayi noma idatha yezezimali.
Qaphela ama-imeyili nezixhumanisi ezisolisayo.
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu cybercrgebengu finyelela kukhompuyutha yakho ngama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi nezixhumanisi. Lawa ma-imeyili angase avele emthonjeni osemthethweni, njengebhange lakho noma inkampani eyaziwayo. Noma kunjalo, zenzelwe ukukukhohlisa ukuthi unikeze ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu noma ulande uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha. Ngakho-ke hlala uqaphela ama-imeyili nezixhumanisi ezibonakala zisolisa noma ezicela ulwazi olubucayi, futhi ungalokothi uchofoze izixhumanisi noma ulande okunamathiselwe kwimithombo engaziwa.
Sebenzisa isofthiwe ye-antivirus futhi uyigcine ibuyekeziwe.
Isofthiwe ye-antivirus ivikela ikhompuyutha yakho kusuka kumagciwane, uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, nezinye izinsongo ze-inthanethi. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka isofthiwe ethembekile yokuvikela amagciwane futhi uyigcine ibuyekezwa njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingathola futhi isuse izinsongo zakamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziningi zokuvikela amagciwane zinikeza izici ezengeziwe ezifana nezindonga zomlilo nezihlungi ze-imeyili ukuze zinikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe. Okokugcina, khumbula ukugcina isistimu yakho yokusebenza nenye isofthiwe isesikhathini ngamapeshi akamuva okuvikela nezibuyekezo.
Ukukhula Okubalulekile Kokuphepha Kwekhompyutha Esikhathini Sedijithali
Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ukuphepha kwekhompyutha sekubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuthembela okwandayo kwezobuchwepheshe, amabhizinisi kanye nabantu ngabanye basengozini yosongo olubanzi lwe-inthanethi. Imiphumela yokungavikeleki kwekhompyutha okunganele ingaba yingozi kakhulu, kusukela ekuphuleni idatha kuya ekuhlaselweni kwe-malware. Yilapho isidingo sezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile sisebenza khona.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, kanjalo namaqhinga asetshenziswa izigebengu zama-inthanethi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ngokuqhubekayo bathola izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ubungozi futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kulwazi olubucayi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlangano nabantu ngabanye kufanele babeke phambili ukuphepha kwekhompyutha ukuze bavikele idatha, amasistimu, nobumfihlo.
Ngokutshala ezindleleni zokuphepha zekhompuyutha ezisebenzayo, amabhizinisi angavikela impahla yawo yengqondo, idatha yezezimali, kanye nolwazi lwamakhasimende. Ukwengeza, abantu banganciphisa ubungozi bokwebiwa kobunikazi, imikhonyovu eku-inthanethi, nobunye ubugebengu be-inthanethi. Amasu ahlukahlukene angasetshenziswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha, kusukela kumagama-mfihlo aqinile kanye nokuvikelwa kwezingosi zokuvikela kuya kuzibuyekezo ezivamile zesofthiwe nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi.
Ekuphetheni, ukubaluleka okukhulayo kokuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha esikhathini sedijithali akunakuzitshwa. Ngamathuba okulimala okukhulu kwezezimali nesithunzi, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kudingeka babeke phambili futhi batshale ezindleleni zokuphepha eziqinile.
Kungani ukuphepha kwekhompyutha kubalulekile
Ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha angeke kweqiswe. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kanjalo namaqhinga asetshenziswa izigebengu zama-inthanethi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi ngokuqhubekayo bathola izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa ubungozi futhi bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kulwazi olubucayi. Ngakho-ke, izinhlangano nabantu ngabanye kufanele babeke phambili ukuphepha kwekhompyutha ukuze bavikele idatha, amasistimu, nobumfihlo.
Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile zokuthi kungani ukuphepha kwekhompuyutha kubalulekile ukuvikela impahla yengqondo, idatha yezezimali, kanye nolwazi lwekhasimende. Amabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi agcina ingcebo yolwazi olubucayi, okuhlanganisa izimfihlo zezohwebo, amarekhodi ezezimali, kanye nesizindalwazi samakhasimende. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezanele, lolu lwazi olubalulekile lungantshontshwa noma lufakwe ebucayini, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi senkampani.
Izinsongo ezivamile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha
Kukhona izinsongo ezehlukene amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ababhekana nazo mayelana nokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Ukuqonda lezi zinsongo kubalulekile ukuze uvikele kuzo ngempumelelo. Ezinye zezinsongo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa:
1. Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha: Uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha lusho isofthiwe enonya eklanyelwe ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwekhompyutha, ukuntshontsha idatha, noma ukuthola ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kumasistimu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagciwane, izikelemu, ama-Trojan, kanye ne-ransomware.
2. Ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi kuwukuhlasela ku-inthanethi lapho abahlaseli bezenza izinhlangano ezisemthethweni noma abantu ngabanye ukuze bakhohlise abasebenzisi ukuze banikeze ulwazi olubucayi olufana namagama-mfihlo, imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, noma izinombolo zokuphepha komphakathi.
3. Ukuphulwa Kwedatha: Ukuphulwa kwedatha kwenzeka lapho abantu abangagunyaziwe befinyelela, beba, noma bedalula ulwazi olubucayi. Lokhu kungaholela ekwebiweni kwemininingwane, ukulahlekelwa yimali, kanye nokulimala kwesithunzi.
4. Ubunjiniyela Bezenhlalakahle: Ubunjiniyela bomphakathi bubandakanya ukukhohlisa abantu ukuze badalule ulwazi olubucayi noma benze izenzo ezingafaka engozini ukuphepha kwekhompyutha. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuzenza ongeyena, ngokuqamba amanga, noma ngokuyenga.
5. Izinsongo zangaphakathi: Izinsongo zangaphakathi zenzeka lapho abantu abathile ngaphakathi kwenhlangano besebenzisa kabi amalungelo abo okufinyelela ukuze bantshontshe noma bafake engozini ulwazi olubucayi. Lokhu kungabandakanya abasebenzi abangeneme, osonkontileka, noma ozakwethu.
Umthelela wokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi emabhizinisini nakubantu ngabanye
Umthelela wokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi ungalimaza kokubili izinkampani nakubantu ngabanye. Emabhizinisini, umonakalo wezezimali nesithunzi ungaba mkhulu. Ukuhlaselwa okuyimpumelelo ku-inthanethi kungaholela ekulahlekelweni ukwethenjwa kwekhasimende, imiphumela yezomthetho, kanye nemizamo ebizayo yokutakula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhizinisi angase ahlupheke ngenxa yokuphelelwa yisikhathi, ukulahlekelwa umkhiqizo, nokuphazamiseka kwezinsizakalo. Lokhu kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali kanye nokwehla kokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Kubantu ngabanye, imiphumela yokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi ingaba yingozi ngendlela efanayo. Ukwebiwa kobunikazi, imikhonyovu eku-inthanethi, nokulahlekelwa yizimali yizingozi ezimbalwa abantu ababhekana nazo. Ulwazi lomuntu siqu, olufana nezinombolo zokuphepha komphakathi, imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, namaphasiwedi, lungantshontshwa futhi lusetshenziselwe ukukhwabanisa. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo enhlalakahleni yomuntu yezezimali kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu.
Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikela ikhompyutha
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kwekhompyutha, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kufanele basebenzise izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ezihlukahlukene. Le mikhuba ihlanganisa:
1. Amagama Okungena Aqinile: Sebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa osonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ayimfihlo aqageleka kalula noma ukusebenzisa kabusha amagama ayimfihlo kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti amaningi.
2. Ukuvikela i-Firewall: Faka futhi ubuyekeze njalo isofthiwe yohlelo lokuvikela ukuze ugade futhi ulawule ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi engenayo naphumayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvimba ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe futhi kuvikelwe kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha.
3. Izibuyekezo Ezijwayelekile Zesofthiwe: Gcina wonke ama-software, okuhlanganisa amasistimu okusebenza, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezinhlelo zokulwa namagciwane, kusesikhathini samanje ngeziqephu zokuphepha zakamuva. Lokhu kusiza ukubhekana nokuba sengozini nokuvikela ezenzweni ezaziwayo.
4. Ukuqeqeshwa Kwabasebenzi: Ukuhlinzeka ngezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokuqeqesha nokuqwashisa abasebenzi ngokubaluleka kokuphepha kwekhompyutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela ama-imeyili obugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, ukugwema amawebhusayithi asolisayo, nokuphatha ngokuphephile ulwazi olubucayi.
5. Isipele Sedatha: Njalo gcina ikhophi yedatha ebalulekile futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izipele zigcinwa ngokuphephile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela ekulahlekeni kwedatha uma kwenzeka kuba nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu.
Amathuluzi abalulekile kanye nesofthiwe yokuphepha kwekhompyutha
Kunamathuluzi amaningana nesofthiwe etholakalayo engathuthukisa ukuphepha kwekhompyutha. Lawa mathuluzi afaka:
1. Isofthiwe Yokuvikela Amagciwane: Faka isofthiwe ethembekile yokulwa namagciwane ukuze uthole, uhlukanise, futhi ususe uhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha ohlelweni lwakho. Njalo buyekeza isofthiwe ye-antivirus ukuze uvikele ezinsongweni ezintsha.
2. I-Virtual Private Network (VPN): Sebenzisa i-VPN ukuze ubethele ithrafikhi ye-inthanethi futhi uvikele ulwazi olubucayi lapho usebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi e-Wi-Fi. I-VPN idala ukuxhumana okuphephile phakathi kwedivayisi yakho ne-inthanethi, ivimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
3. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwezinto Ezimbili (2FA): Nika amandla i-2FA kuwo wonke ama-akhawunti ayisekelayo. I-2FA yengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuphepha ngokudinga abasebenzisi ukuthi banikeze ngezindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza, njengephasiwedi kanye nekhodi ehlukile ethunyelwa kumakhalekhukhwini wabo.
4. Isofthiwe Yokubethela: Sebenzisa isofthiwe yokubethela ukuze uvikele idatha ebucayi lapho uhamba futhi uphumule. Ukubethela kuguqula idatha ibe ifomethi engafinyelelwa kuphela ngokhiye olungile wokususa ukubethela, okuyenza ingafundeki kubantu abangagunyaziwe.
Iqhaza lokubethela ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha
Ukubethela kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Iqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ebucayi ihlala ivikelekile, ngisho noma iwela ezandleni ezingalungile. Ukubethela kuguqula umbhalo ongenalutho ube yi-ciphertext, engasuswa kuphela ukubethela ngokhiye olungile wokubethela.
Ukubethela kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela idatha ezimeni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Ukubethela kusetshenziselwa ukuvikela idatha esakazwa ngamanethiwekhi njenge-inthanethi. Lokhu kuvimbela abantu abangagunyaziwe ukuthi babambe futhi bafunde idatha.
2. Isitoreji Sedatha: Ukubethela kuvikela idatha egcinwe kumadivayisi, amaseva, noma ifu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi idatha ihlala ivikelekile noma ngabe indawo yokugcina isengozini.
3. Ukuxhumana: Ukubethela kuvikela iziteshi zokuxhumana njenge-imeyili noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zemiyalezo. Lokhu kuvikela ubumfihlo nobuqotho bokuxhumana.
Ukubaluleka kwezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ezijwayelekile
Ukubuyekezwa kwesofthiwe evamile kubalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwekhompyutha. Izibuyekezo zesofthiwe, ezaziwa nangokuthi ama-patches, zikhishwa abathengisi ukuze babhekane nobungozi futhi balungise iziphazamisi kusofthiwe yabo. Ngokugcina isofthiwe isesikhathini samanje, abantu ngabanye namabhizinisi bangavikela ezenzweni ezaziwayo futhi banciphise ubungozi bokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi.
Abacwaningi bezokuphepha noma izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukuthola ubungozi besofthiwe. Uma ubungozi buphawuliwe, abathengisi basebenzela ukwakha isiqeshana esilungisa inkinga. Ukufaka lawa mapeshi ngokushesha uma ekhishwa kuqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yakho ihlala ivikelekile.
Ukuvikela imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu ku-inthanethi
Ukuvikela imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu ku-inthanethi kubalulekile ukuze uvimbele ukuntshontshwa kobunikazi kanye nobugebengu be-inthanethi. Nawa amanye amathiphu okuvikela ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu:
1. Qaphela ngokwabelana ngolwazi lomuntu siqu: Nikeza kuphela ulwazi lomuntu siqu lapho kudingekile kanye nemithombo ethembekile. Qaphela izicelo zolwazi olubucayi nge-imeyili, izingcingo, noma amawebhusayithi asolisayo.
2. Sebenzisa amawebhusayithi avikelekile: Bheka isithonjana se-padlock kanye “no-https” ku-URL ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi iwebhusayithi ivikelekile. Gwema ukufaka ulwazi olubucayi kumawebhusayithi angenazo izindlela zokuphepha ezifanele.
3. Qaphela ama-akhawunti akho: Njalo hlola izitatimende zakho zasebhange, izitatimende zekhadi lesikweletu, namanye ama-akhawunti wezezimali ukuze uthole umsebenzi ongagunyaziwe. Bika noma yikuphi ukuthengiselana okusolisayo ngokushesha.
4. Sebenzisa izilungiselelo zobumfihlo: Lungisa izilungiselelo zobumfihlo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kanye namanye ama-akhawunti aku-inthanethi ukuze ukhawulele inani lolwazi lomuntu siqu olutholakala esidlangalaleni.
5. Buyekeza njalo umbiko wakho wezikweletu: Thola ikhophi yombiko wakho wezikweletu kuma-credit bureaus okungenani kanye ngonyaka futhi uwubuyekeze nganoma yikuphi okwenziwayo okusolisayo noma okungalungile.
10: Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ukubaluleka okukhulayo kokuvikeleka kwekhompuyutha esikhathini sedijithali akunakuzitshwa. Ngamathuba okulimala okukhulu kwezezimali nesithunzi, amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kudingeka babeke phambili futhi batshale ezindleleni zokuphepha eziqinile. Ngokuqonda izinsongo ezivamile, ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu, nokusebenzisa amathuluzi abalulekile nesofthiwe, izinhlangano nabantu bangathuthukisa ukuphepha kwekhompyutha yabo futhi bavikele ekuhlaselweni ku-inthanethi. Ukuvikela ulwazi olubucayi, ukuvuselela njalo isofthiwe, nokuzijwayeza imikhuba ephephile ku-inthanethi kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yedijithali evikelekile.
