Indlela Yokusetha Nokuvikela Iphasiwedi Yerutha Yenethiwekhi Ye-Wi-Fi Ezenzweni Eziyi-10 Ezilula
Sicela ugweme izingozi zokuphepha futhi uvikele iphasiwedi yakho yerutha ye-Wi-Fi ngegayidi yethu yezinyathelo ezingu-10! Futhi, thola ukuthi ungahlela kanjani kahle futhi uvikele ngokuphephile inethiwekhi yakho yendlu.
Irutha ye-Wi-Fi yendlu yakho iphakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile endlini yakho, njengoba ikunikeza wena namalungu omndeni wakho ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi nalo lonke ulwazi olunikezayo. Ukusetha iphasiwedi eqinile, ehlukile yomzila wakho we-Wi-Fi kubalulekile ukuze ugcine inethiwekhi yakho ivikelekile futhi uvikele eyakho ezingozini zokuphepha nezokuphepha. Ngezansi indlela yokwenza ngezinyathelo ezilula eziyi-10!
Ukulungiswa Kwezilungiselelo Ezizenzakalelayo Zenethiwekhi Yakho Yenethiwekhi Ye-Wi-Fi
Ukushintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo kumzila wakho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokusetha inethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Lokhu kuvimbela abantu bangaphandle abayingozi ukuthi bacabange noma bafinyelele isixhumi esibonakalayo somzila wakho noma ukusetha. Ungashintsha lezi zilungiselelo ngokuya kuphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho, ngokuvamile ngendlela yekheli le-IP njengoba linikezwa ebhukwini leziqondiso zomzila wakho. Qiniseka ukuthi ushintsha konke ukusetha okuhlobene nokuvikeleka njengoba kudingekile ngephasiwedi ephephile nevikelekile, njengaleyo eyakhiwe izinhlamvu, izinombolo, nezithonjana.
Buyekeza i-Router Firmware
Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa i-firmware yomzila wakho– uhlelo lwesofthiwe eyakhelwe ngaphakathi olulawula ukusebenza kahle kwe-router nezici zayo– ngokushesha. Izibuyekezo zabahlinzeki zikhishwa njalo, ngakho hlola izinguqulo ezintsha uma zivela. Ungakwazi ukumisa lezi zibuyekezo ze-firmware usebenzisa iphaneli yokulawula yerutha yakho ngokulanda futhi ufake ukuhluka okuthuthukisiwe nokunamathela eziqondisweni ezikusikrini. Le nqubo ingase yehluke kuye ngegajethi yakho, nokho incwadi yekhasimende ye-router kufanele icacise ngokusobala izinyathelo ezifanele.
Misa igama eliyingqayizivele nephasiwedi yenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Lapho usetha inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo, dala igama lerutha (SSID) kanye nephasiwedi engenakuqageleka kalula. Kufanele ifake izinhlamvu, izinombolo, nabantu abahlukile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuvikeleka okuphelele. Ungasebenzisi noma yini ehlobene negama lakho noma ikheli, njengoba lolu lwazi kulula ukuluthola ku-inthanethi. Ngemva kokusetha irutha, qiniseka ukuthi uvumela izenzo zayo zokuvikela, njengokuvumela ukubethela kanye nokuvala amanethiwekhi esivakashi.
Hlukanisa Inethiwekhi Yezivakashi Zakho
Ukuba namanethiwekhi ahlukene uwedwa kanye nezivakashi zakho kungangeza ukuphepha nokuvikeleka kunethiwekhi yakho yasekhaya. Sungula inethiwekhi yesivakashi yezivakashi futhi unikeze elinye igama nephasiwedi evela kunethiwekhi yakho. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ngokungangabazeki ukuthi amathuluzi angaphandle awakutholi ukufinyelela kulwazi lwakho oluyimfihlo futhi anciphise ukungqubuzana kwezixhumanisi okungenzeka kube khona namagajethi amadala.
Sebenzisa i-WPA2-PSK Ukubethela Kwefayela noma Okuphezulu
Ukuvikeleka kwe-WPA2-PSK(Wi-Fi Shielded Access) kufanele kuye ezingeni elincane lokuphepha olisebenzisayo ukuze uvikele iphasiwedi yakho yerutha engenantambo. Lolu uhlobo olusha Lokuvikeleka kwe-Wi-Fi, oluhlinzeka ngokubethela kwefayela le-AES nezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho. Ukuze usethe ukubethela kwe-WPA2-PSK, ngena esibonakalayo sewebhu somzila, thola futhi wenze kube nokwenzeka ukuthi uhlobo lokubethela lusethwe endaweni yezilungiselelo zokuvikela, bese uchaza umushwana wokungena wohlobo olulodwa.
Ukuphepha Kwenethiwekhi Okungenantambo: Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokuxhumana Okuvikelekile
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, siyanda nesidingo sezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile ukuvikela amanethiwekhi ethu angenantambo. Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, lapho cishe zonke izici zempilo yethu zixhumekile, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokuxhumana kwethu okungenantambo kubaluleke kakhulu. Izingozi ezingaba khona ezilethwa abagebengu kanye nezigebengu ze-inthanethi zihlala zikhona, okwenza kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu ngabanye namabhizinisi ukuthi basebenzise izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zenethiwekhi engenazintambo evikelekile.
Lesi sihloko sizohlola izinyathelo ezihlukahlukene ongazithatha ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Kusukela ekukhetheni iphasiwedi eqinile nehlukile kuye ekuvumela ukubethela kwenethiwekhi, sizocubungula izinyathelo ezibalulekile okudingeka uzilandele ukuze unciphise ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Ukwengeza, sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ngama-firewall, ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi, nokubaluleka kokubuyekeza idivayisi yakho namarutha njalo.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungakhuphula kakhulu ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi uvikele imininingwane yakho ebucayi ukuthi ingaweli ezandleni ezingalungile. Ngakho-ke, ake singene ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi engenantambo futhi siqinisekise ukuthi sigcina ukuxhumana okuqinile nokuvikelekile kule nkathi yedijithali.
Izinsongo ezijwayelekile kumanethiwekhi angenantambo
Ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi okungenantambo kubalulekile emhlabeni wanamuhla oxhumene. Ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele, inethiwekhi yakho engenazintambo iba sengozini yezinsongo ezihlukahlukene. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi nezigebengu ze-inthanethi zingasebenzisa ubuthakathaka kunethiwekhi yakho ukuze bathole ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe, bantshontshe ulwazi olubucayi, noma baqalise ukuhlasela okunonya.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo kubalulekile ukuvikela idatha yakho yomuntu siqu neyezezimali. Uma uxhuma kunethiwekhi engenantambo, amadivaysi akho ashintshisana ngolwazi nenethiwekhi. Le datha ingabandakanya imininingwane yokungena, imininingwane yekhadi lesikweletu, nolunye ulwazi olungahlonza umuntu. Le datha ingabanjwa futhi isetshenziselwe izinjongo ezimbi ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele.
Ngaphezu kokuvikela idatha yakho, ukuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi kusiza ukuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kuxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi. Abangaphandle bangasebenzisa kalula inethiwekhi engavikelekile, okuholela esivininini esincane se-inthanethi, ukuminyana, ngisho nemisebenzi engekho emthethweni kusetshenziswa uxhumano lwakho. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezihamba phambili zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi amadivayisi nabasebenzisi abagunyaziwe kuphela abangaxhuma kunethiwekhi yakho.
Okokugcina, ukuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kusiza ukuvikela idivayisi yakho kuhlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha nakwenye isofthiwe eyingozi. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingasebenzisa amanethiwekhi angavikelekile njengesango lokuthelela amadivayisi ngohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwedatha, ubumfihlo obonakele, kanye nokulimala okungaba khona kumadivayisi akho. Ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha, udala umgoqo ovimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe futhi unciphise ubungozi bokutheleleka nge-malware.
Izindlela ezihamba phambili zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo
Ngaphambi kokuthi sihlole izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo, kufanele siqonde izinsongo ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo. Ngokwazi lezi zinsongo, ungazilungiselela kangcono futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho.
Enye yezinsongo ezivame kakhulu kumanethiwekhi angenantambo ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Izigebengu ze-inthanethi zingasebenzisa ubungozi kunethiwekhi yakho ukuze bathole ukufinyelela, okubavumele ukuthi balalele ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi, bantshontshe ulwazi olubucayi, noma baqalise ukuhlasela kwamanye amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho.
Olunye usongo olubalulekile ukunqanyulwa kwedatha. Abadlali abanonya bangakwazi ukuvimba futhi bafunde idatha esakazwa ngenethiwekhi engenantambo ngaphandle kokubethela okufanele. Lokhu kungafaka imininingwane yokungena, ulwazi lomuntu siqu, nanoma iyiphi enye idatha edluliswa phakathi kwamadivayisi akho nenethiwekhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanethiwekhi angenawaya asengozini yokuhlaselwa kwe-denial-of-service (DoS). Ekuhlaselweni kwe-DoS, izigebengu zikhukhula inethiwekhi yakho ngethrafikhi enkulu, zigcwala izinsiza zenethiwekhi yakho futhi ziyenze ingasebenziseki. Lokhu kungaphazamisa ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi futhi kuvimbele abasebenzisi abasemthethweni ukuthi bafinyelele inethiwekhi yakho.
Okokugcina, amaphasiwedi abuthakathaka noma azenzakalelayo ayingozi enkulu kumanethiwekhi angenantambo. Abasebenzisi abaningi abakunaki ukushintsha amagama ayimfihlo azenzakalelayo ahlinzekwa amarutha abo, okwenza kube lula kubageli ukuze bathole ukufinyelela kumanethiwekhi abo. Amagama ayimfihlo abuthakathaka aqageleka kalula noma asetshenziswa kakhulu nawo angahlaselwa yizigebengu, lapho izigebengu ze-inthanethi zizama izinhlanganisela ezihlukene kuze kube yilapho zithola iphasiwedi elungile.
Manje njengoba sesikuqonda ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi engenantambo kanye nezinsongo ezivamile esingase sibhekane nazo ake sihlole izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo.
Ukusetha iphasiwedi yenethiwekhi engenantambo eqinile
1. Ukusetha Iphasiwedi Eqinile Yenethiwekhi Yokungenantambo
Isinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ukusetha iphasiwedi eqinile nehlukile. Iphasiwedi eqinile kufanele okungenani ibe nezinhlamvu eziyi-12 ubude futhi ifake inhlanganisela yezinhlamvu ezinkulu nezincane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile noma ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuphasiwedi yakho, njengoba lokhu kungaqagelwa kalula.
2. Ukunika amandla Ukubethela Kunethiwekhi Yakho Engenantambo
Ukunika amandla ukubethela kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kubalulekile ukuze uvikele idatha yakho ingabanjwa abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe. Iphrothokholi yokubethela esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2). Qinisekisa ukuthi irutha yakho engenantambo ilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa ukubethela kwe-WPA2 futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa izindlela zokubethela ezidlulelwe yisikhathi noma ezingavikelekile njenge-WEP (Ubumfihlo Bezintambo Ezilinganayo).
3. Ukushintsha Izilungiselelo Ezizenzakalelayo Kurutha Yakho Engenantambo
Amarutha amaningi eza nezilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo ezisebenziseka kalula ngabaduni. Ukushintsha lezi zilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo kubalulekile ngokushesha nje lapho usetha inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Shintsha igama lomsebenzisi elizenzakalelayo lomlawuli, iphasiwedi, negama lenethiwekhi (SSID). Lokhu kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu kubahlaseli ukuhlonza nokukhomba inethiwekhi yakho.
4. Ukubuyekeza njalo I-Firmware ne-Software
I-Firmware kanye nezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ngokuvamile zihlanganisa iziqephu zokuphepha ezibhekana nobungozi kumadivayisi akho namarutha. Ukugcina amadivayisi akho namarutha esesikhathini samanje kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi unezinyathelo zakamuva zokuphepha. Hlola njalo izibuyekezo ezivela kubakhiqizi bedivayisi yakho futhi uzisebenzise ngokushesha uma sezitholakala.
5. Ukusebenzisa i-Firewall for Added Security
I-firewall iyisithiyo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho nomhlaba wangaphandle, ukuqapha nokulawula ithrafikhi engenayo nephumayo. Ngokusebenzisa i-firewall, ungakwazi ukuhlunga ithrafikhi engase ibe yingozi futhi uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho. Amarutha amaningi eza nama-firewall akhelwe ngaphakathi, kodwa ungasebenzisa izikhiyamlilo zesofthiwe kumadivayisi angawodwana ukuze uthole isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela.
6. Ukuqapha Nokuphatha Amadivayisi Axhunywe Kunethiwekhi Yakho Engenantambo
Ukuqapha njalo nokuphatha amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo kubalulekile ukuze ugcine ukuphepha. Susa noma imaphi amadivayisi angaziwa noma angagunyaziwe kunethiwekhi yakho futhi uqinisekise ukuthi wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe anezinyathelo ezibuyekeziwe zokuphepha. Cabangela ukusebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenethiwekhi ukuze uhlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zamadivayisi futhi uvimbele ukuhlasela okungaba khona ukuthi kungasabalali kunethiwekhi yakho yonkana.
Inika amandla ukubethela kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo
Ukugcina inethiwekhi engenantambo evikelekile kubalulekile esikhathini samanje sedijithali. Ngokulandela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ezifana nokusetha iphasiwedi eqinile, ukunika amandla ukubethela, ukushintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, ukuvuselela njalo i-firmware, ukusebenzisa i-firewall, nokuqapha amadivayisi axhunyiwe, ungakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo. Khumbula, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo kuyinqubo eqhubekayo edinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuqapha. Ngokuhlala unolwazi nokusebenzisa lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ihlala iwuxhumano oluphephile noluvikelekile kulo mhlaba oxhumene.
Ngihlala ngibuyekeza i-firmware nesofthiwe.
Sengiphetha, ukugcina inethiwekhi engenazintambo evikelekile kubalulekile esikhathini samanje sedijithali. Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungakhuphula kakhulu ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo futhi uvikele imininingwane yakho ebucayi ukuthi ingaweli ezandleni ezingalungile. Nika amandla ukubethela, shintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, buyekeza njalo i-firmware nesofthiwe, sebenzisa i-firewall, futhi ugade amadivayisi axhunyiwe ukuze uqinisekise uxhumano oluqinile noluvikelekile. Ngokubeka phambili ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo, ungajabulela izinzuzo zomhlaba oxhumene ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ubumfihlo bakho nokuvikeleka kwedatha.
Ukusebenzisa i-firewall ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe
Esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala ekuvikeleni inethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ukushintsha izilungiselelo ezimisiwe kurutha yakho engenantambo. Amarutha amaningi anamagama omsebenzisi azenzakalelayo namaphasiwedi, aziwa kabanzi futhi angaxhashazwa kalula ngabaduni. Ukushintsha lezi zilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo kwenza ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho kube nzima kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe.
Ukukhetha iphasiwedi eqinile nehlukile kubalulekile uma ushintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo. Gwema ukusebenzisa amagama ajwayelekile noma imishwana, njengoba ingaqagelwa kalula. Kunalokho, khetha inhlanganisela yosonhlamvukazi nabancane, izinombolo, nezinhlamvu ezikhethekile. Ukwengeza, cabanga ukushintsha igama lenethiwekhi elizenzakalelayo (SSID) libe into ehlukile, njengoba livame ukuveza umkhiqizi werutha nemodeli, okwenza kube lula kubahlaseli ukuhlonza ubungozi.
Ukushintsha izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo kurutha yakho engenantambo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esibalulekile ekuvikeleni inethiwekhi yakho. Yengeza isendlalelo sokuvikela futhi inciphisa ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Khumbula ukugcina iphasiwedi yakho entsha ivikelekile futhi ugweme ukwabelana ngayo nanoma ubani ongadingi ukufinyelela kunethiwekhi yakho. Ukushintsha njalo iphasiwedi yakho nakho kuyanconywa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha ngokuqhubekayo.
Ukuqapha nokuphatha amadivayisi axhunywe kunethiwekhi yakho engenantambo
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuphepha kwenethiwekhi engenantambo ukuvuselela njalo i-firmware nesofthiwe yamadivayisi akho namarutha. Abakhiqizi bavamise ukukhulula izibuyekezo ezibhekana nokuba sengozini kwezokuvikela futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza okuphelele kwemikhiqizo yabo. Ukugcina amadivayisi akho namarutha abuyekeziwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi unamapeshi akamuva okuvikela afakiwe, okunciphisa ubungozi bokuxhashazwa.
Ukuze uhlole izibuyekezo, bheka imanuwali yomsebenzisi noma iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi yedivayisi yakho ethile noma imodeli yomzila. Amarutha amaningi anesici sokuvuselela esakhelwe ngaphakathi esingafinyelelwa ngohlelo lokuphatha lwerutha. Kunconywa ukunika amandla izibuyekezo ezizenzakalelayo noma nini lapho kunokwenzeka, njengoba lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola amapheshana okuphepha akamuva ngaphandle kokuzihlolela izibuyekezo njalo.
Ngokungeziwe ekubuyekezeni i-firmware nesofthiwe yamadivayisi akho namarutha, kubalulekile futhi ukubuyekeza njalo izinhlelo zokusebenza zedivayisi yakho exhunyiwe namasistimu okusebenza. Isofthiwe esiphelelwe yisikhathi ingaba sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa, njengoba izigebengu ze-inthanethi zivame ukukhomba amaphutha okuphepha aziwayo. Ukugcina isofthiwe yakho isesikhathini kunciphisa ingcuphe yokuxhashazwa futhi kuqinisekisa inethiwekhi engenantambo ephephe kakhudlwana.
Isiphetho: Ukugcina inethiwekhi engenantambo evikelekile
I-firewall isebenza njengonogada wenethiwekhi yakho, iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi engenayo naphumayo futhi ivimbe ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Kuwumgoqo phakathi kwenethiwekhi yakho nomhlaba wangaphandle, ehlunga amaphakethe edatha angaba yingozi futhi ivimbele abasebenzisi abangagunyaziwe ukuthi bafinyelele inethiwekhi yakho.
Amarutha amaningi esimanje ane-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi enikwe amandla ngohlelo lokuphatha lwe-router. Nokho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-firewall imiswe ngendlela efanele kubalulekile ukuze kuhlinzekwe ukuvikeleka okuphezulu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo, amarutha amaningi ane-firewall eyisisekelo enikwe amandla, kodwa ukubukeza izilungiselelo nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ngokwezidingo zakho ezithile kuyanconywa.
Ngokungeziwe ku-firewall ye-router, ungacabangela ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokuvikela isofthiwe kumadivayisi akho. Lokhu kwengeza isendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela futhi kuvumela ukulawula okuyimbudumbudu okwengeziwe phezu kwethrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Ama-firewall e-software ayatholakala kumasistimu wokusebenza ahlukahlukene, futhi izinhlelo eziningi zokuvikela amagciwane zihlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-firewall njengengxenye yokuphepha kwazo.
Lapho ulungisa izilungiselelo zakho zohlelo lokuvikela, ukulinganisa ukuphepha nokusebenziseka kubalulekile. Nakuba ukuvimba yonke into engenayo nephumayo kulinga, ukwenza kanjalo kungase kuvimbele ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi okusemthethweni. Ngokubuyekeza ngokucophelela futhi ulungise izilungiselelo zohlelo lokuvikela, ungathuthukisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi yakho engenantambo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
