Amakhono Abalulekile ayi-10 Wonke Umlawuli Wosekelo Lwe-IT Okufanele Abe Nawo
Ezweni lobuchwepheshe elihlala livela, indima yomqondisi wosekelo lwe-IT isibaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi abo bonke osayizi. Kusukela ezindabeni zesofthiwe yokuxazulula inkinga ukuya ekulawuleni ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, lezi zingcweti zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda yedijithali yenhlangano. Kepha yimaphi amakhono okufanele wonke umlawuli we-IT abe nawo ukuze aphumelele kulo mkhakha? Lesi sihloko sizohlola amakhono ayishumi abalulekile adingekayo ukuze uphumelele kule ndima.
Kusukela kulwazi lobuchwepheshe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kuya kumakhono aqinile okuxazulula izinkinga nawokuxhumana, abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kumele babe namakhono ahlukahlukene asethiwe ukuze babhekane nezinselele abangase bahlangabezane nazo. Ukwengeza, ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngezitayela zakamuva zemboni kanye nentuthuko kubalulekile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi bangabhekana nobuchwepheshe obusha nobusafufusa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumqondisi wosekelo lwe-IT ofuna ukucija amakhono akho noma umnikazi webhizinisi ofuna ukuqonda izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzibheke ethimbeni lakho labasekeli be-IT, lesi sihloko sizohlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ukuze uzulazule emhlabeni wokuphathwa kosekelo lwe-IT ngempumelelo. Ngakho-ke, ake singene shí futhi sithole amakhono abalulekile okufanele wonke umlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT abe nawo.
Amakhono obuchwepheshe adingekayo ku-IT Support Administrator
Mayelana nesici sezobuchwepheshe somsebenzi, abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT badinga ukuba nesisekelo esiqinile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Elinye lamakhono abaluleke kakhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi nokuxazulula izinkinga. Emhlabeni lapho ukuxhumana kubalulekile, ukuhlonza nokuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi ngokushesha nangempumelelo kubalulekile. Umlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT kufanele aqonde ngokujulile izivumelwano zenethiwekhi, amakheli e-IP, nehadiwe. Lolu lwazi lubavumela ukuthi babone futhi balungise izinkinga ezingaba khona, baqinisekise ukusebenza kwebhizinisi okungaphazamiseki.
Elinye ikhono lobuchwepheshe elibalulekile lomlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT ulwazi olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe. Noma ngabe yiWindows, macOS, Linux, nanoma yiluphi olunye uhlelo lokusebenza, ukujwayelana nokusebenza kwabo nezindlela zokuxazulula inkinga kubalulekile. Ukwengeza, ukwazi kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezidumile kanye nokufakwa kwazo, ukucushwa, nokugcinwa kwazo kubalulekile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi yonke into kusukela kumagumbi okukhiqiza afana ne-Microsoft Office kuya kusofthiwe ekhethekile esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwenhlangano.
Ukufakwa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha kanye nokugcinwa kwesofthiwe kanye nokugcinwa kwamakhono futhi kungamakhono umlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT okufanele abe nawo. Kudingeka babe nokuqonda okuhle kwezingxenye ze-hardware yekhompiyutha kanye nokuhambisana kwazo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene zesofthiwe. Ukufaka nokumisa izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha nesofthiwe kuqinisekisa kahle ukuthi abasebenzisi bangawasebenzisa ngokugcwele amathuluzi abo obuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokubuyekezwa kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe amasistimu esebenza kahle futhi avikele ezingozini.
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ukuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi namakhono okuxazulula izinkinga abalulekile kubaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT. Banesibopho sokuxilonga nokuxazulula izinkinga zenethiwekhi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuhlonza izinkinga zokuxhuma, ukuxazulula izinkinga zehadiwe nesofthiwe, nokuxazulula izinkinga zokusebenza.
Ukuze aphumelele kule ndawo, umlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT kufanele aqonde ngokujulile amaphrothokholi enethiwekhi, umzila, namakheli e-IP. Kufanele bajwayelane namathuluzi okuxilonga inethiwekhi futhi bangahlaziya ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi ukuze bahlonze izingqinamba kanye nokuba sengozini kwezokuphepha okungaba khona. Ukwengeza, kufanele bakwazi ukwenza amasu okuxazulula inkinga asebenzayo ukuze baxazulule izinkinga zenethiwekhi futhi banciphise ngokushesha isikhathi sokuphumula sabasebenzisi.
Ulwazi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesoftware
Abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kumele babe nolwazi oluqinile lwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene nezinhlelo zokusebenza zesoftware. Kufanele bazi kahle ezindaweni zeWindows ne-macOS futhi babe nokuqonda okuqinile kokusatshalaliswa kweLinux. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi lokufakwa kwesistimu, ukumisa, nokugcinwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kufanele bajwayele izinhlelo zokusebenza zesofthiwe ezidumile njenge-Microsoft Office ne-Adobe Creative Suite namathuluzi okukhiqiza njengesofthiwe yokuphatha iphrojekthi. Kufanele bakwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene nesofthiwe futhi basize abasebenzisi abahlangabezana nobunzima ngalezi zinhlelo zokusebenza.
Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwe-Hardware nesofthiwe
Omunye wemithwalo yemfanelo ebalulekile yomqondisi wosekelo lwe-IT ukufakwa kwe-hardware nesofthiwe nokunakekelwa. Kufanele babe nokuqonda okuhle kwezingxenye ze-hardware yekhompiyutha futhi bakwazi ukuhlanganisa nokuhlakaza amasistimu ekhompyutha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukufaka nokulungiselela ama-peripherals njengamaphrinta, izikena, namadivayisi esitoreji sangaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kufanele babe nekhono ekufakweni kwesoftware nasezibuyekezweni. Kufanele bakwazi ukufaka nokulungisa amasistimu okusebenza, amaphakheji esofthiwe, nezibuyekezo, okuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nokuphepha. Imisebenzi yokulungisa ejwayelekile, njengokuhlanzwa kwediski, ukuhlukaniswa, nokwenza kahle kwesistimu, kufanele futhi ibe ngaphakathi kwesethi yamakhono abo.
Isevisi yamakhasimende namakhono okuxhumana
Isevisi yamakhasimende ephumelelayo namakhono okuxhumana kubaluleke kakhulu kubaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT. Asebenza njengendawo yokuqala yokuxhumana yabasebenzisi abahlangabezana nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe, futhi kufanele anikeze usizo olusheshayo nolobungane. Amakhono aqinile okusebenzelana nabanye abantu, isineke, nozwela kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bazizwa besekelwe futhi beqondwa.
Isekela abaphathi be-IT kufanele ikwazi ukuchaza imiqondo yezobuchwepheshe ngokucacile nangokufingqiwe, igweme i-jargon engase idide abasebenzisi. Kufanele balalele ngenkuthalo ukukhathazeka kwabasebenzisi, babuze imibuzo efanele ukuze baqoqe ulwazi oludingekayo, futhi banikeze isiqondiso sesinyathelo nesinyathelo sokuxazulula izinkinga. Ukwengeza, kufanele babe namakhono amahle kakhulu okuxhumana abhaliwe okubhala izixazululo nokudala imihlahlandlela esebenziseka kalula.
Ukuphatha isikhathi namakhono enhlangano
Ezweni elisheshayo lokusekelwa kwe-IT, ukuphatha isikhathi namakhono enhlangano kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele. Abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT bavamise ukuphatha izicelo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa, okubadinga ukuthi babeke phambili imisebenzi futhi baphathe isikhathi sabo ngempumelelo.
Abaphathi abasekela i-IT kufanele bakhe imikhuba eqinile yenhlangano ukuze baphumelele kule ndawo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudala uhlelo lokulandelela nokuhlukanisa amathikithi okusekela, ukubeka izikhathi ezingokoqobo zokuxazulula izinkinga, nokuphatha ngempumelelo umsebenzi wawo. Ukubeka phambili imisebenzi ephuthumayo nebalulekile ngesikhathi uqinisekisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye namaphrojekthi esikhathi eside awashaywa indiva kubalulekile.
Abalawuli bosekelo lwe-IT banesibopho sokugcina ukuphepha nobuqotho bengqalasizinda yedijithali yenhlangano. Kufanele babe nolwazi lwezinqubo ezingcono kakhulu zokuphepha futhi bakwazi ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze bavikeleke ezinsongweni ezifana nohlelo olungayilungele ikhompuyutha, ubugebengu bokweba imininingwane ebucayi, nokuphulwa kwedatha.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulungisa izinqamuleli zomlilo, isofthiwe yokuvikela amagciwane, namasistimu okuthola ukungena. Abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kufanele futhi baqonde amasu okulondoloza idatha kanye nokuthola kabusha ukuze baqinisekise ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi phakathi nokulahleka kwedatha noma ukwehluleka kwesistimu. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinsongo zakamuva zokuphepha nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuphikisa kubalulekile ukuze uvikele ulwazi olubalulekile.
Ikhono lokusebenza eqenjini futhi uhlanganyele neminye iminyango
Abaphathi abasekela i-IT bavame ukusebenza njengeqembu, besebenzisana nabanye ochwepheshe be-IT neminyango. Kufanele babe namakhono okusebenzisana aqinile namakhono okubambisana ukuze baxhumane, babelane ngolwazi, futhi baxazulule izinkinga ngempumelelo.
Abaphathi abasekela i-IT kufanele bakwazi ukusebenzisana eduze nabaphathi benethiwekhi, abaphathi besistimu, nabathuthukisi be-software ukuze babhekane nezinselele zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kufanele babambe iqhaza ngokugcwele emihlanganweni yeqembu, banikele ezingxoxweni, futhi banikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu nolwazi lomsebenzisi.
Ukufunda okuqhubekayo nokuhlala uvuselelwa ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe buguquka njalo, futhi abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kufanele babuyekeze amakhono abo nolwazi ngokuqhubekayo ukuze bahambisane nentuthuko yakamuva. Ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, amathrendi embonini, kanye nemikhuba ehamba phambili kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwabo kochwepheshe kanye nekhono lokuhlinzeka ngosekelo olwanele.
Abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT kufanele bazibandakanye ngenkuthalo ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha, ama-webinars, nezingqungquthela ukuze bandise isisekelo sabo solwazi. Kufanele bafune izitifiketi ezindaweni ezifanele njengokuphatha inethiwekhi, amasistimu okusebenza, kanye ne-cybersecurity ukuze babonise ubuchwepheshe babo. Ngokwamukela ukufunda okuqhubekayo, abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT bangakwazi ukuhlala ngaphambi kwejika futhi banikeze izixazululo ezintsha ezinseleleni zabo.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, umlawuli wosekelo lwe-IT udinga isethi yamakhono ahlukahlukene ukuze azulazule emhlabeni oyinkimbinkimbi wobuchwepheshe. Kusukela ekuxazululeni izinkinga zenethiwekhi nokuxazulula izinkinga kuya kusevisi yamakhasimende nokusebenzisana, lezi zingcweti zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle kwengqalasizinda yedijithali yenhlangano.
Abaphathi bosekelo lwe-IT bangabhekana ngempumelelo nezinselele zabo ezihlukahlukene ngokuba namakhono abalulekile afana nolwazi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza nezinhlelo zesofthiwe, ukufakwa kwe-hardware nesofthiwe nokugcinwa nokugcinwa, kanye nokuphepha nokuvikelwa kwedatha. Ukuxhumana okuqinile, ukuphatha isikhathi, namakhono okufunda okuqhubekayo kubalulekile empumelelweni yabo kulo mkhakha.
Noma ngabe ungumqondisi wosekelo lwe-IT ofuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono akho noma umnikazi webhizinisi ofuna ukwakha ithimba lokusekela le-IT elinolwazi, ukuqonda lawa makhono abalulekile kuzokuqondisa ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi. Yamukela lawa makhono, hlala unolwazi ngentuthuko yakamuva, futhi uthuthukise amakhono akho ngokuqhubekayo ukuze uphumelele emhlabeni oguquguqukayo wokuphatha ukwesekwa kwe-IT.
