Isidingo Esikhulayo Sabasebenzi Bezokuphepha Be-Cyber: Ungawulungiselela Kanjani Umsebenzi Wokufakazela Ikusasa
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka ngezinga elingakaze libonwe, kanjalo nomhlaba omnyama wobugebengu bamakhompuyutha. Ngokukhula kwenani lokuphulwa kwedatha okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuhlasela kwe-inthanethi okuyinkimbinkimbi, isidingo sochwepheshe abanekhono lokuphepha ku-inthanethi asikaze sibe sikhulu. Isidingo sabasebenzi be-cybersecurity siyakhula, kudala ukushoda kwethalente.
Uma ucabanga ngomsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi, manje yisikhathi esifanele sokugxuma. Lo mkhakha awugcini nje ngokunikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha komsebenzi, kodwa futhi unikeza amathuba amaningi okukhula nokuthuthuka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesizinda se-IT noma ufuna ukushintsha imisebenzi, kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ongazithatha ukuze ungene kulo mkhakha oshukumisayo nonobufakazi besikhathi esizayo.
Le ndatshana izohlola isidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe be-cybersecurity futhi inikeze imininingwane ebalulekile yokulungiselela umsebenzi kulo mkhakha. Kusukela kumakhono abalulekile owadingayo ukuwathuthukisa kuye kuzitifiketi ezizokwehlukanisa, sizokuqondisa ukuze ube uchwepheshe we-cybersecurity ofunwayo. Ungaphuthelwa yithuba lokuba yingxenye yemboni ebucayi ebunjwa ikusasa lobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikela abantu nezinhlangano ekusongweni ku-inthanethi.
Ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi endaweni yanamuhla yedijithali
Esimeni sanamuhla sedijithali, lapho cishe zonke izici zempilo yethu zibandakanya ubuchwepheshe, ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi akunakugcizelelwa. Kusukela kulwazi lomuntu siqu kuya engqalasizinda ebalulekile, yonke into isengozini yokusongelwa nge-inthanethi. Ukuhlaselwa kwama-Cyber kungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwezimali, ekulimaleni kwesithunzi, ngisho nokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe. Izinhlangano kuzo zonke izimboni ziyasibona isidingo sokutshala imali ezindleleni eziqinile zokuphepha ku-inthanethi ukuze zivikele izimpahla zazo futhi zigcine ukwethenjwa kwamakhasimende azo.
Ukulwa nezinsongo ze-inthanethi ezihlala zivela, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi badlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni ulwazi olubucayi kanye nokuvimbela ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Bakha futhi basebenzise izivumelwano zokuphepha, baqaphe amanethiwekhi ukuze bathole imisebenzi esolisayo, futhi baphendule izehlakalo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kwalaba basebenzi abanamakhono, amabhizinisi kanye nabantu bazosala besengozini yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi, kubeke ukusebenza kwabo nobumfihlo babo engcupheni.
Isidingo esikhulayo sabasebenzi be-cybersecurity
Isidingo sochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi senyuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, futhi lo mkhuba awubonisi zimpawu zokwehla. Ngokombiko we-Cybersecurity Ventures, kuzoba nezigidi ezingu-3.5 zemisebenzi ye-cybersecurity engagcwalisiwe emhlabeni wonke ngo-2021. Lesi sidingo esikhulayo siqhutshwa izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kwemvamisa nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kokuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi, ukunwebeka kwedijithali, kanye nokukhula kobuchwepheshe obusafufusa. njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto (IoT).
Ngokufakwa kwedijithali ngokushesha kwamabhizinisi kanye nokuthembela okukhulayo kwezobuchwepheshe, izinhlangano zabo bonke osayizi ziyasibona isidingo sokubeka phambili ukuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lokhu kukhuphule isidingo sochwepheshe abavikela idatha ebucayi, ukuhlonza ubungozi, kanye nokunciphisa izingozi. Kusukela ezikhungweni zezimali nabahlinzeki bezokunakekelwa kwempilo kuya kuma-ejensi kahulumeni kanye nezinkundla ze-e-commerce, yonke imboni idinga ochwepheshe abanamakhono okuvikela ukuvikela ezinsongweni ze-inthanethi.
Amathrendi emakethe yemisebenzi ye-Cybersecurity nezibalo
Imakethe yemisebenzi yezokuphepha ku-inthanethi iyakhula, futhi izibalo ziyazikhulumela. Ngokusho kwe-US Bureau of Labor Statistics, ukuqashwa kwabahlaziyi bezokuphepha kolwazi kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngamaphesenti angama-31 ukusuka ngonyaka ka-2019 kuya ku-2029, ngokushesha okukhulu kunesilinganiso sayo yonke imisebenzi. Lesi silinganiso sokukhula siphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izimboni eziningi, sigqamisa isidingo esinamandla sochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi.
Ngokungeziwe ekukhuleni okuhle komsebenzi, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi bajabulela amaholo akhangayo. Ngokombiko ofanayo we-Cybersecurity Ventures, umholo omaphakathi wochwepheshe be-cybersecurity e-United States ngu-$116,000 ngonyaka, cishe ngokuphindwe kathathu kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Leli thuba eliphezulu lemali engenayo, elihlanganiswe nokuvikeleka komsebenzi kanye namathuba entuthuko emkhakheni, lenza ukuphepha ku-inthanethi kube ukukhetha komsebenzi okhangayo kwabaningi.
Amakhono neziqu ezidingekayo emsebenzini wokuphepha ku-inthanethi
Ukuze uphumelele emkhakheni wezokuphepha ku-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukuba nesethi yamakhono ahlukahlukene kanye neziqu. Nakuba amakhono ezobuchwepheshe ebaluleke kakhulu, amakhono athambile afana nokuxazulula izinkinga, ukuxhumana, nokusebenzisana ngokubambisana kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Nawa amanye amakhono abalulekile neziqu abaqashi abazibheka kochwepheshe be-cybersecurity:
1. Ubungcweti bobuchwepheshe: Isisekelo esiqinile kumanethiwekhi amakhompyutha, izinhlelo zokusebenza, nezilimi zokuhlela zibalulekile. Ubungcweti bamathuluzi okuvikela nobuchwepheshe, obufana nezindonga zokuvikela, amasistimu okuthola ukungena, namathuluzi okuhlola ukungena, nakho kwaziswa kakhulu.
2. Amakhono okuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga: Ochwepheshe be-Cybersecurity kufanele bakwazi ukuhlaziya izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi, babone ubuthakathaka, futhi bathuthukise izixazululo ezingokoqobo. Amakhono aqinile okuhlaziya nokuxazulula izinkinga abalulekile ekutholeni nasekunciphiseni izinsongo ze-inthanethi.
3. Ukunaka imininingwane: Ngisho nokugada okuncane kakhulu kungaholela ekwephuleni okukhulu ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi. Ukunaka imininingwane kubalulekile ekuhlonzeni ubungozi obungase bube khona kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokuphepha zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele.
4. Ukufunda okuqhubekayo: I-Cybersecurity ishintsha ngokushesha, futhi ochwepheshe kufanele bahlale benolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva, izinsongo, nobuchwepheshe. Ukuzimisela ngokuqhubekayo ukufunda nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kubalulekile ukuze uphumelele isikhathi eside kulo mkhakha.
Izinyathelo zokulungiselela umsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi
Uma ungathanda ukuphishekela umsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi, nazi ezinye izinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uzilungiselele impumelelo:
1. Zuza isisekelo esiqinile: Qala ngokwakha isisekelo esiqinile kusayensi yekhompyutha, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, noma umkhakha ohlobene. Lokhu kungenziwa ngemfundo esemthethweni, izifundo ze-inthanethi, noma ukuzifundela wena.
2. Thuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe: Thola amakhono enethiwekhi, ukuhlela, kanye namakhono okuphatha uhlelo. Zijwayeze ngamathuluzi okuphepha ajwayelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa embonini.
3. Thola ulwazi oluthe xaxa: Funa amathuba okuthola ulwazi olungokoqobo ngokusebenzisa ama-internship, ngokuvolontiya, noma ngokusebenza emisebenzini yomuntu siqu. Ukuzizwisa ngezandla kuzothuthukisa amakhono akho futhi kukwenze uthengiseke kakhulu kulabo abangaba abaqashi.
4. Thola izitifiketi ezifanele: Izitifiketi zingabonisa ulwazi lwakho nokuzinikela kulo mkhakha. Izitifiketi ezidumile zihlanganisa Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), kanye ne-CompTIA Security+.
5. Hlala unolwazi ngamathrendi embonini, izindaba, nemikhuba ehamba phambili. Joyina izinhlangano ezingochwepheshe, hambela izinkomfa, futhi ubambe iqhaza emiphakathini eku-inthanethi ukuze wandise ulwazi lwakho kanye nenethiwekhi ngochwepheshe abanomqondo ofanayo.
6. Yakha inethiwekhi eqinile yobungcweti: Inethiwekhi ibalulekile kunoma iyiphi imboni, futhi ukuphepha ku-inthanethi nakho. Yiya emicimbini yemboni, joyina izinkundla ze-inthanethi, futhi uxhumane nezingcweti kulo mkhakha ukuze wandise inethiwekhi yakho futhi wandise namathuba akho okuthola umsebenzi.
Izinketho zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi
Izinketho ezahlukene zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa ziyatholakala kubantu abathanda ukuphishekela umsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Nazi ezinye zezindlela ezijwayelekile:
1. Iziqu zeBachelor ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi: Amanyuvesi amaningi ahlinzeka ngezinhlelo zeziqu ze-bachelor ikakhulukazi ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlinzeka ngekharikhulamu ebanzi ehlanganisa izici ezahlukahlukene zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, i-cryptography, kanye nezimpendulo zesigameko.
2. Isayensi yekhompiyutha noma idigri yobuchwepheshe bolwazi: Idigri yesayensi yekhompiyutha noma ubuchwepheshe bolwazi inganikeza isisekelo esiqinile somsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa izihloko ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuhlela, isizindalwazi, namanethiwekhi ekhompyutha.
3. Izinhlelo zokunikeza izitifiketi: Ngaphandle kwemfundo esemthethweni, izitifiketi eziningi ziyatholakala kochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlelo zigxile ezindaweni ezithile zobuchwepheshe futhi zingathuthukisa amakhono akho nokumaketha.
4. Ama-bootcamp kanye nezifundo ze-inthanethi: Ama-bootcamp kanye nezifundo ze-inthanethi zinikeza indlela esheshayo yokufunda amakhono okuphepha ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlelo zivame ukugxila kakhulu futhi zisebenziseke, zihlinzeka ngolwazi olusebenzayo nolwazi oluhlobene nomkhakha.
Izitifiketi kanye nemininingwane eqashelwa yimboni
Izitifiketi zibalulekile ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi, ziqinisekisa amakhono akho nolwazi ezindaweni ezithile. Nazi ezinye zezitifiketi ezifunwa kakhulu zochwepheshe be-cybersecurity:
1. I-Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): Lesi sitifiketi esiqashelwa umhlaba wonke sibonisa ubungcweti ezizindeni ezihlukene zokuphepha ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele, ukuphepha kwempahla, nokuphepha kokuthuthukiswa kwesofthiwe.
2. I-Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): Lesi sitifiketi sigxile kumasu namathuluzi okugebenga okuqotho, okuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bakhombe ubungozi kanye namasistimu avikelekile ezinsongweni ezingaba khona.
3. I-CompTIA Security+: Lesi sitifiketi sezinga lokungena sibonwa kabanzi futhi sifaka imigomo eyisisekelo yokuphepha ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi, i-cryptography, nokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele.
4. Umphathi Wokuvikela Ulwazi Oluqinisekisiwe (CISM): Lesi sitifiketi siqondise ochwepheshe abaphethe, abaklamayo, kanye nokwengamela uhlelo lokuvikela ulwazi lwebhizinisi.
Amathuba emisebenzi nezindlela zomsebenzi ekuvikelekeni kwe-cyber
Umsebenzi wokuphepha ku-inthanethi unikeza inhlobonhlobo yamathuba emisebenzi nezindlela zomsebenzi. Nazi ezinye izindima ezijwayelekile kulo mkhakha:
1. Umhlaziyi Wezokuphepha Kolwazi: Abahlaziyi baqapha amanethiwekhi ukuze bathole ukwephulwa kwezokuphepha, bathuthukise izindlela zokuphepha, futhi baphenye izehlakalo ukuze bagweme ukuhlasela kwesikhathi esizayo.
2. Isihloli Sokungena: Abahloli bokungena, abaziwa nangokuthi abaduni bokuziphatha, balingisa ukuhlaselwa ku-inthanethi ukuze bahlonze ubungozi kumasistimu namanethiwekhi.
3. Unjiniyela Wezokuvikela: Onjiniyela bezokuphepha baklama futhi basebenzise izixazululo zokuphepha, ezifana nezindonga zomlilo kanye nezinhlelo zokutholwa kokungena, ukuze bavikele izinhlangano ekusongweni ku-inthanethi.
4. Umeluleki Wezokuphepha: Abeluleki bezokuphepha bahlinzeka ngezeluleko ezingochwepheshe nesiqondiso ezinhlanganweni mayelana nokuthuthukisa ukuma kwazo kwezokuphepha kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi.
5. Isikhulu Esiyinhloko Sokuphepha Kolwazi (i-CISO): Ama-CISO angamela isu lenhlangano lezokuphepha futhi aqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yemboni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwenethiwekhi nobuchwepheshe emkhakheni we-cybersecurity
1. Joyina izinhlangano ezichwepheshile: Ukujoyina izinhlangano eziqondene nomkhakha othile, njenge-International Information System Security Certification Consortium (ISC)² noma i-Information Systems Security Association (ISSA), ingahlinzeka ngamathuba okuxhumana abalulekile nokufinyelela kwezinsiza.
2. Yiya ezingqungqutheleni nemicimbi: Yiya ezingqungqutheleni zemboni, izingqungquthela, nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngamathrendi akamuva, ufunde kochwepheshe bemboni, futhi uxhumane nochwepheshe abanomqondo ofanayo.
3. Bamba iqhaza emiphakathini eku-inthanethi: Zibandakanye ezingosini ze-inthanethi, amabhodi ezingxoxo, namaqembu ezinkundla zokuxhumana agxile ekuvikelekeni ku-inthanethi. Faka isandla emphakathini ngokwabelana ngemininingwane nokubuza imibuzo.
4. Funda ngokuqhubekayo futhi wandise isethi yakho yamakhono: I-Cybersecurity ihlala ishintshashintsha, futhi ukuhlala unolwazi lwakamuva ngobuchwepheshe bamuva nezindlela ezihamba phambili kubalulekile. Phishekela imfundo eqhubekayo, vakashela ama-webinars, futhi uhlole izindawo ezintsha ezithakazelisayo ngaphakathi kwenkundla.
Isiphetho: Ukwamukela umsebenzi wobufakazi besikhathi esizayo kwezokuphepha ku-inthanethi
Isidingo esikhulayo sochwepheshe bezokuphepha ku-inthanethi sinikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele kubantu abafuna ukungena embonini eguquguqukayo nefakazela ikusasa. Ngamakhono afanele, iziqu, kanye nezitifiketi, ungaqala umsebenzi onomvuzo onganikezi nje kuphela ukuphepha komsebenzi kodwa futhi obambe iqhaza ekuvikelweni kwabantu nezinhlangano ekusongelweni kwe-inthanethi.
Ngokuqonda ukubaluleka kokuvikeleka ku-inthanethi esimweni sanamuhla sedijithali, uhlale unolwazi mayelana nezinkambiso zemboni, kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono akho ngokuqhubekayo, ungazibeka njengochwepheshe wezokuphepha ku-inthanethi ofunwa kakhulu. Yamukela inselele, tshala imali emfundweni nasekuqeqesheni kwakho, futhi usebenzise amathuba emkhakheni othokozisayo we-cybersecurity.
Khumbula, umhlaba udinga ochwepheshe abanekhono lokuphepha ku-inthanethi manje kunangaphambili. Ingabe uzoba omunye wabo?
