Esikhathini samanje sedijithali, ukuphepha kwenethiwekhi kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye indlela esebenzayo yokuvikela inethiwekhi yakho ekusongelweni okungase kube khona ukusebenzisa isistimu yokuthola intrusion (IDS). Lo mhlahlandlela wabaqalayo uzokunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwe-IDS, indima yayo ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi, nokuthi ungasiza kanjani ukugcina inethiwekhi yakho iphephile ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe nemisebenzi enonya.
Yini i-Intrusion Detection System (IDS)?
I-Intrusion Detection System (IDS) iyithuluzi lokuvikela eliqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi lihlonze imisebenzi engagunyaziwe noma enonya. Isebenza ngokuhlaziya amaphakethe enethiwekhi futhi uwaqhathanise nesizindalwazi samasiginesha okuhlasela aziwayo noma amaphethini okuziphatha okungavamile. Uma kutholwa isigebengu, i-IDS ingakwazi ukukhiqiza izexwayiso noma ithathe isinyathelo sokunciphisa usongo. I-IDS ingase isekelwe kumsingathi, eqapha imisebenzi kudivayisi ethile, noma isekelwe kunethiwekhi, eqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi. Ngokusebenzisa i-IDS, izinhlangano zingakwazi ukukhomba ngokuqhubekayo futhi ziphendule ekwephulweni kwezokuphepha okungaba khona, zisize ukugcina inethiwekhi yazo iphephile ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe nasemisebenzini enonya.
Izinhlobo ze-IDS: Isekelwe kunethiwekhi iqhathaniswa ne-Host-based.
I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi iqapha ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi futhi ihlaziya amaphakethe ukuze kutholwe imisebenzi esolisayo noma enonya. Ingahlonza imizamo yokufinyelela engagunyaziwe, ukuskena kwenethiwekhi, namaphethini okuziphatha okungavamile angase abonise ukugxambukela. I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi ingasatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kunethiwekhi, njengalapho kuzuba, ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yangaphakathi, noma kumasegimenti enethiwekhi abalulekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IDS esuselwe kumsingathi igxile emisebenzini yokuqapha kudivayisi ethile noma umsingathi. Ihlaziya izingodo zesistimu, ubuqotho befayela, kanye nemisebenzi yomsebenzisi ukuze kutholwe izimpawu zokungena noma zokufaka engozini. I-IDS esuselwe kubasingathi inganikeza imininingwane enemininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nemisebenzi eyenzekayo kudivayisi ethile, ikwenze kube usizo ekutholeni izinsongo zangaphakathi noma ukuhlasela okuqondiwe.
Kokubili i-IDS esekwe kunethiwekhi kanye nesekelwe kubasingathi inezinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yayo. I-IDS esekelwe kunethiwekhi inganikeza ukubuka okubanzi kwenethiwekhi futhi ibone ukuhlasela okungase kudlule i-IDS esuselwe kubasingathi. Nokho, ingase ingaboni ithrafikhi ebethelwe noma imisebenzi engaphakathi kwamashaneli abethelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-IDS esekelwe kubasingathi inganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana namadivayisi athile kodwa ingase ingakwazi ukubona ukuhlasela okwenzeka ngaphandle komsingathi oqashiwe.
Izinhlangano zivame ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-IDS esuselwe kunethiwekhi kanye neyesikhungo ukuze zibe nohlelo olubanzi lokuqapha ukuphepha. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi babone futhi baphendule ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsongo futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha okuphelele kwenethiwekhi yabo.
Isebenza kanjani i-IDS: Izindlela nezindlela zokutholwa.
I-Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) isebenzisa izindlela namasu ahlukahlukene ukuthola izinsongo ezingaba khona kanye nokungena kunethiwekhi. Lezi zindlela zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukutholwa okusekelwe kusiginesha kanye nokutholwa okusekelwe ngokungaqondakali.
Ukutholwa okusekelwe kusiginesha kubandakanya ukuqhathanisa ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yesistimu ngokumelene nesizindalwazi samasiginesha aziwayo okuhlasela. Lawa masignesha amaphethini noma izici ezihlobene nezinhlobo ezithile zokuhlasela. Uma kutholwa okufanayo, i-IDS iphakamisa isexwayiso noma ithathe isinyathelo esifanele ukuze kuncishiswe usongo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukutholwa okusekelwe e-anomaly, kugxile ekukhombeni ukuchezuka ekuziphatheni okuvamile. Isungula isisekelo senethiwekhi evamile noma imisebenzi yesistimu bese ibheka noma yikuphi okudidayo noma ukuchezuka kuleyo sisekelo. Le ndlela isiza ukuthola ukuhlasela okusha noma okungaziwa okungenzeka akunayo isiginesha eyaziwayo.
I-IDS ingaphinda isebenzise inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ezimbili zokuhlonza, ezaziwa ngokuthi ukutholwa okuxubile. Le ndlela ithuthukisa amandla okuthola asuselwe kusiginesha kanye nasuselwa kokudidayo ukuze inikeze amandla okuthola aphelele nanembile.
Ngokungeziwe ezindleleni zokuthola, i-IDS isebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuqapha nokuhlaziya ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yesistimu. Lawa masu ahlanganisa ukuthunjwa kwephakethe nokuhlaziya, ukuhlaziywa kwelogi, ukuhlaziywa kwephrothokholi, nokuhlaziywa kokuziphatha. Indlela ngayinye inikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kunethiwekhi noma isistimu futhi isiza ukukhomba izinsongo ezingaba khona noma izigebengu.
I-IDS idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelekeni kwenethiwekhi ngokuqhubekayo ngokuqapha nokuhlaziya ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yesistimu ukuze kutholwe futhi kuphendule izinsongo ezingaba khona. Izinhlangano zingavikela kangcono amanethiwekhi azo ezenzweni ezinonya ngokuqonda indlela i-IDS esebenza ngayo kanye nezindlela zokuthola ezihlukene nezindlela ezizisebenzisayo.
Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa i-IDS.
Kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa i-Intrusion Detection System (IDS) ukuze uvikele inethiwekhi yakho.
Okokuqala, i-IDS inganikeza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kanye nokutholwa kwezinsongo ezingaba khona. Ihlaziya ngokuqhubekayo ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yesistimu, ivumela ukutholwa kanye nokusabela kunoma yikuphi ukuziphatha okusolisayo noma okunonya. Le ndlela yokusebenza isiza ukunciphisa umthelela wokuhlasela futhi ivimbele ukulimala okwengeziwe kunethiwekhi.
Okwesibili, i-IDS ingasiza ekuhlonzeni nasekunciphiseni ukuhlasela okusha noma okungaziwa. Ukutholwa okusekelwe kusiginesha kungase kungasebenzi ekuhlaseleni kwezinsuku eziyiziro noma ukuhlasela okungakaphawulwa futhi kwengezwe kusizindalwazi sesiginesha. Ukutholwa okususelwe ngokungavamile, nokho, kungathola ukuchezuka ekuziphatheni okuvamile futhi kubeke lokhu kuhlasela okusha noma okungaziwa.
Okwesithathu, i-IDS inganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kunethiwekhi noma kusistimu. Ngokuhlaziya ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi noma imisebenzi yesistimu, i-IDS ingakwazi ukuhlonza ubungozi, ukulungisa kabi, noma obunye ubuthakathaka bokuphepha abahlaseli abangase babusebenzise. Lolu lwazi lungase lusetshenziselwe ukuqinisa ukuzivikela kwenethiwekhi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha kukonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IDS ingasiza ekuhambisaneni nezidingo zokulawula. Izimboni eziningi zinemithetho ethile yezokuphepha kanye namazinga okufanele izinhlangano ziwathobele. Ngokusebenzisa i-IDS, izinhlangano zingabonisa ukuzibophezela kwazo ekuvikelekeni futhi zihlangabezane nalezi zidingo zokuthobelana.
Okokugcina, i-IDS ingasiza ekuphenduleni isigameko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-forensic. Esimeni sokuphulwa kwezokuphepha noma isigameko, i-IDS inganikeza amalogi anemininingwane nolwazi mayelana nokuhlasela, isize izinhlangano ziqonde okwenzekile futhi zithathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukuvimbela izigameko ezizayo.
Sekukonke, ukusebenzisa i-IDS kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho ngokunikeza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela, ukuthola ukuhlasela okusha noma okungaziwa, ukuhlonza ubungozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho, nokusiza ekuphenduleni isigameko kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-forensic.
Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuqalisa nokuphatha i-IDS.
1. Chaza izinhloso zakho: Cacisa ngokucacile izinhloso zakho nezinjongo zokuqalisa i-IDS. Lokhu kuzosiza ukuqondisa inqubo yakho yokwenza izinqumo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uhlelo luhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
2. Khetha isisombululo esifanele se-IDS: Izixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-IDS ziyatholakala, ngayinye inezici zayo namandla ayo. Linganisa izinketho ezahlukene bese ukhetha eyodwa evumelana kangcono nendawo yakho yenethiwekhi kanye nezidingo zokuphepha.
3. Hlaziya njalo amasiginesha nemithetho: Amasistimu e-IDS athembele kumithetho namasignesha ukuze athole izinsongo ezaziwayo. Kubalulekile ukubuyekeza njalo lawa masignesha ukuze uhlale uvikelekile ezinsongweni zakamuva. Cabangela ukuzenzela le nqubo ukuze uqinisekise izibuyekezo ezifika ngesikhathi.
4. Enza ngendlela oyifisayo ama-ID akho: Yenza ama-ID akho ahambisane nendawo yakho yenethiwekhi ethile. Lungisa amazinga okuzwela, imikhawulo, kanye nemithetho ukuze unciphise izinto ezingelona iqiniso nezingezinhle. Buyekeza njalo futhi ulungise lezi zilungiselelo ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu.
5. Qapha futhi uhlaziye izexwayiso: Qapha ngentshiseko futhi uhlaziye amasignali akhiqizwa i-IDS yakho. Phenya noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo ngokushesha futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ukuze unciphise izinsongo ezingaba khona. Njalo buyekeza futhi uhlaziye idatha eqoqwe yi-IDS ukuze ubone amaphethini noma amathrendi angase abonise ukuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo noma ubungozi.
6. Hlanganyela namanye amathuluzi okuvikela: Cabangela ukuhlanganisa i-ID yakho namanye amathuluzi okuvikela, njengama-firewall, amasistimu we-SIEM (Ulwazi Lokuvikeleka Nokuphathwa Kwemicimbi), noma izinkundla zobuhlakani ezisongelayo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kungathuthukisa ukuma kwakho kokuvikeleka kukonke futhi kunikeze umbono obanzi wokuvikeleka kwenethiwekhi yakho.
7. Qeqesha abasebenzi bakho: Qinisekisa ukuthi i-IT yakho namathimba okuvikela aqeqeshelwe ukusebenzisa nokuphatha i-IDS ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqonda izexwayiso, ukuhumusha idatha, nokuphendula izehlakalo. Ukuqeqeshwa okuvamile kanye nezikhathi zokwabelana ngolwazi kungasiza ukugcina iqembu lakho linolwazi ngezinsongo zakamuva nezinqubo ezihamba phambili.
8. Hlaziya futhi ubuyekeze i-ID yakho: Njalo ngezikhathi ezithile hlaziya ukusebenza kwe-ID yakho futhi wenze izibuyekezo ezidingekayo noma ukuthuthukiswa. Njengoba kuvela izinsongo ezintsha futhi inethiwekhi yakho ithuthuka, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-IDS yakho ihlala isebenza futhi isesikhathini samanje.
Ngokulandela lezi zinqubo ezihamba phambili, ungakwazi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-IDS yakho futhi uvikele kangcono inethiwekhi yakho ezinsongweni ezingase zibe khona.
