Kufumura Kusavimbika Kwakavanzika: Gwaro Rizere reVanhu
Iyi dhairekitori yakazara inoratidza iyo yakavanzika kusagadzikana iyo inogona kukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwako uye kuchengetedzeka. Kunyangwe iwe uri tech-savvy kana uchida kuzvidzivirira muzera redhijitari, chinyorwa ichi ndechako.
Nekukurumidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, njodzi nyowani uye kusasimba zvinobuda mazuva ese. Kubva kune vanokuvadza vane hutsinye kusvika pakutyora data, kugara uine ruzivo uye kutora matanho ekuchengetedza kuchengetedza ruzivo rwako rwemunhu kwakakosha. Gwaro iri rinotarisa mukusagadzikana kwakanyanya kwevanhu uye rinopa matipi anoshanda ekugadzirisa nawo.
Isu tichaongorora zvese kubva kune asina kusimba mapassword uye phishing kurwiswa kune yechinyakare software uye magariro einjiniya maitiro. Nekunzwisisa kusadzivirirwa uku uye kuita zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza maitiro, unogona kusimbisa kuvapo kwako kwedhijitari uye kuderedza njodzi yekuwira munjodzi yekutyisidzirwa necyber.
Joinha isu patinenge tichinyura mukati mepasi rekusagadzikana kwakavanzika uye tizvipe simba neruzivo uye maturusi anodiwa kuti tigare nhanho imwe pamberi pevapambi. Yave nguva yekutora kutonga kwekuchengetedza kwako kwedhijitari uye kudzivirira izvo zvinonyanya kukosha.
Kukosha kwekufumura kusasimba kwakavanzika
Kusashanda zvakanaka kusasimba kana kukanganisa mumasisitimu, software, kana maitiro anogona kushandiswa nevanoita zvakaipa kuti vawane mukana usina mvumo kana kukuvadza. Kusagadzikana uku kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana, uye kuzvinzwisisa ndiro danho rekutanga kudzikamisa njodzi dzinogona kuitika.
Imwe mhando yekusagadzikana isoftware vulnerabilities, iyo inowanzovapo mumashandisirwo ekushandisa, maapplication, kana maplugins. Matsotsi anogona kushandisa kusazvibata uku kuti vawane mukana usina mvumo, kuba ruzivo rwakadzama, kana kukanganisa masevhisi. Izvo zvakakosha kuti uchengetedze software yako inoenderana neazvino chengetedzo zvigamba uye kugara uchitarisa kune chero kunozivikanwa kusagadzikana musoftware yaunoshandisa.
Imwe mhando yakajairika yekusagadzikana mapassword asina simba. Vazhinji mumwe nomumwe ramba uchishandisa mapassword anofungidzira zviri nyore kana kushandisa zvakare password imwe chete mumaakaundi akawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune matsotsi kutyora maakaundi avo uye kuwana ruzivo rwemunhu. Kushandisa mapassword akasimba, akasarudzika uye kugonesa multi-factor kuvimbiswa kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwako.
Kurwiswa kwePhishing, apo vanorwisa vanoedzesera masangano ari pamutemo kuti vanyengedze vanhu kuti vaburitse ruzivo rwakadzama, idambudziko rakatekeshera. Uku kurwiswa kunowanzo kutsamira pamagariro einjiniya maitiro uye zvinogona kunetsa kuona. Izvo zvakakosha kuti ungwarire kana uchidzvanya pane zvinongedzo kana kupa ruzivo rwemunhu pamhepo, kunyanya kana kwakabva kusina kusimbiswa.
Mafungiro asiriwo akajairika pamusoro pehutera
Kufumura kusavimbika kwakavanzika kwakakosha pakuchengetedza yakasimba chengetedzo chimiro muhupenyu hwemunhu nehunyanzvi. Nekuziva uye kugadzirisa kusasimba zvine hungwaru, vanhu vanogona kuderedza njodzi yekubatwa necyber-kurwiswa uye kutyora data.
Kana kusasimba kukaramba kwakavanzwa, vanopa gonhi rakavhurika rekuti matsotsi ashandise. Nekufumura kusadzivirirwa uku, vanhu vanogona kusimbisa dziviriro yavo uye kuzvidzivirira kubva pakutyisidzirwa. Kuregeredza kusadzivirirwa kana kufungidzira kuti havazonangidzirwa kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro inoparadza, zvose zvemari uye mupfungwa.
Zvakare, kufumura kusavimbika kwakavanzika kunobvumira vanhu kuti vatore kutonga kwekuchengetedza kwavo kwedhijitari. Panzvimbo pekuvimba chete nematanho ekuchengetedza ekunze, vanhu vanogona kunyatsoongorora kusagona kwavo uye kushandisa dziviriro dzakakodzera. Iyi nzira yekukurumidza inopa vanhu simba rekugara nhanho imwe pamberi pematsotsi uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo uye midziyo yedhijitari.
Kuziva kusasimba muhupenyu hwemunhu
Mafungiro akawanda asiri iwo akapoteredza kutadza zvinogona kutadzisa vanhu kutaura navo nenzira kwayo. Imwe pfungwa isiriyo yakajairika ndeyekuti vanhu vepamusoro-soro chete kana masangano anonangwa nematsotsi. Matsotsi anowanzo kunanga vanhu vane ruzivo rwakakosha rwemunhu, senge account yebhangi kana manhamba ekuchengetedza magariro. Hapana munhu akadzivirirwa necyber-attacks, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti munhu wese ashande mukufumura uye kugadzirisa kusasimba.
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekuti antivirus software yega inokwana kuchengetedza kubva kune ese kusarongeka. Nepo antivirus software iri chinhu chakakosha chehurongwa hwakazara hwekuchengetedza, haisirivha bullet mhinduro. Kuzadzisa antivirus software nemamwe matanho ekuchengetedza, akadai seanogara achigadziridza software, mapassword akasimba, uye akachengeteka maitiro ekubhurawuza, kwakakosha.
Pakupedzisira, vamwe vanotenda izvozvo kufukura vulnerabilities inzira yakaoma uye inopedza nguva inoda ruzivo rwepamusoro pehunyanzvi. Nepo kuongororwa kwekusagadzikana uye manejimendi zvichigona kuoma mumasangano makuru, vanhu vanogona kutora matanho ari nyore asi anoshanda kufumura nekugadzirisa kusagadzikana muhupenyu hwavo. Vanhu vanogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuratidzwa kwenjodzi nekutora pfungwa dzakangwarira uye kutevera zvinokurudzirwa kuchengetedza maitiro.
Kuziva kusasimba muhupenyu hwehunyanzvi
Kufumura kusagadzikana muhupenyu hwako pachako kwakakosha kuchengetedza ruzivo rwako uye kuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvako. Heano dzimwe nzvimbo dzekufunga kana uchiongorora kusagona kwako:
1. Mapassword: Ongorora kusimba kwemapassword ako mumaakaundi ako ese epamhepo. Dzivisa kushandisa mapassword ari nyore kufungidzira kana kushandisa zvakare password yakafanana mumaakaundi akawanda. Shandisa maneja epassword kugadzira uye kuchengetedza akasiyana mapassword eakaundi yega yega.
2. Maseting ekuvanzika kwesocial media: Ongorora marongero ako ekuvanzika pasocial media mapuratifomu kuti udzikise kuoneka kweruzivo rwako kune vanhu vanovimbwa chete. Ngwarira ruzivo rwaunopa pachena, uye dzivirira kutumira ruzivo rwemunhu rwunogona kushandiswa kupikisana newe.
3. Kuchengetedzwa kweEmail: Ngwarira paunovhura maemail zvakanamirwa kana kudzvanya zvinongedzo, kunyanya kubva kune vasingazivikanwi vanotumira. Gonesa mafirita eemail kuti aone uye azvigadzire otomatiki maemail anofungidzirwa. Gara uchivandudza email yako mutengi uye shandisa encryption pazvinogoneka.
4. Kuchengetedzwa kwenharembozha: Chengetedza nharembozha yako nemapassword akasimba kana biometric authentication. Gara uchivandudza sisitimu yekushandisa uye maapplication echishandiso chako kuti ubate kusagadzikana kunozivikanwa - dhawunirodha maapplication kubva kune akavimbika masosi.
5. Wi-Fi network chengetedzo: Chengetedza imba yako yeWi-Fi network nekushandura password yakasarudzika uye inogonesa encryption (WPA2 kana WPA3). Dzivisa kubatana kune yeruzhinji Wi-Fi network pasina kushandisa chaiyo yakavanzika network (VPN) kuchengetedza data rako kubva kune inogona kuterera.
Nekuongorora nzvimbo idzi nekushandisa matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza, unogona kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwako uye kuderedza njodzi yekuwirwa necyber-attacks.
Zvishandiso uye matekiniki ekufumura kusasimba kwakavanzika
Kufumura kusazvibata muhupenyu hwako hwehunyanzvi kwakakosha zvakaenzana kuchengetedza ruzivo rwebhizinesi rwakadzama uye kuchengetedza kuvimba kwevatengi vako kana vatengi. Heano dzimwe nzvimbo dzekufunga kana uchiongorora yako kushaya simba kwehunyanzvi:
1. Chengetedza network network: Gara uchiongorora kuchengetedzwa kwesangano rako network network, kusanganisira firewall, routers, uye switch. Ita shuwa kuti ese maturusi akarongedzerwa nemazvo uye akagadziridzwa neazvino kuchengetedza zvigamba. Gara uchitarisa network traffic pane chero zviratidzo zvekufungira chiitiko.
2. Kudzidziswa kwevashandi uye kuziva: Dzidzisa vashandi vako nezvekukosha kwecybersecurity uye vape dzidziso yekuziva uye kushuma zvinogona kuitika. Gadzira tsika yekuziva kuchengetedza mukati mesangano rako kuti uderedze njodzi yekukanganisa kwevanhu kunotungamira mukutyorwa kwekuchengetedza.
3. Chengetedza data uye kudzoreredza: Shandisa maitiro enguva dzose ekuchengetedza data kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakakosha rwebhizinesi panguva yechiitiko chekuchengetedza kana kurasikirwa kwedata. Edza kushanda kwe backup yako uye maitiro ekudzoreredza kuti uone kuti anogona kuvimbwa nawo pazvinenge zvichidikanwa.
4. Zvidzoreso zvekupinda uye kodzero dzevashandisi: Gara uchiongorora uye kugadzirisa zvidzoreso zvekupinda kwevashandisi neropafadzo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vane mvumo chete vanogona kuwana ruzivo rwakadzama kana masisitimu akakosha. Shandisa nzira dzakasimba dzekusimbisa, dzakadai se-multi-factor authentication, kumaakaundi ane rombo rakanaka.
5. Chechitatu-bato rekutengesa chengetedzo: Ongorora maitiro ekuchengetedza evako vechitatu-bato vatengesi uye vanopa masevhisi. Ita shuwa kuti matanho ekuchengetedza akakodzera aripo kana uchigovana ruzivo rwakadzama kana kuvimba nemasevhisi avo. Gara uchiongorora zvibvumirano zvevatengesi kuti uve nechokwadi chekutevedzera mitemo yekuchengetedza.
Nekuona uye kugadzirisa kusasimba muhupenyu hwako hwehunyanzvi, unogona kudzikisira njodzi yekutyorwa kwedata, kurasikirwa kwemari, uye kukanganisa mukurumbira wesangano rako.
Matanho ekutora mushure mekuona kusasimba
Kufumura kusavimbika kwakavanzika kunoda kushandisa maturusi akasiyana siyana uye matekiniki ekubatsira kuona kushaya simba muhurongwa, software, kana maitiro. Heano mamwe maturusi anowanzoshandiswa uye nzira:
1. Vulnerability scanners: Maturusi aya anoongorora manetiweki, masisitimu, kana maapplication ekuona kusasimba. Ivo vanopa mushumo unoratidza chero kusadzivirirwa kwakaonekwa pamwe chete nematanho ekugadzirisa anokurudzirwa.
2. Kuedzwa kwekupinda: Kuedzwa kwekupinda, kunozivikanwawo sekubira kwetsika, kunosanganisira kutevedzera kurwiswa kwepasirese kuti uone kusazvibata kunogona kushandiswa. Nyanzvi dzakasimbiswa dzinoita bvunzo idzi kuti dziongorore kuchengetedzeka kwemasisitimu kana maapplication.
3. Ruzivo rwekuchengetedza uye manejimendi ezviitiko (SIEM) masisitimu: SIEM masisitimu anounganidza uye anoongorora data regi kubva kwakasiyana siyana, senge network zvishandiso, maseva, uye maapplication. Ivo vanogona kuona mapatani kana anomalies anoratidza kusagadzikana kana zviitiko zvekuchengetedza.
4. Kuongorora kwekodhi uye static analysis: Vagadziri vanogona kushandisa maturusi ekuongorora kodhi uye static maturusi ekuongorora kuti vaone zvinogona kukanganisa mukodhi software. Zvishandiso izvi zvinoongorora kodhi yezvinokanganisa zvinozivikanwa zvekuchengetedza kana maitiro asina kunaka ekukodha anogona kutungamirira mukusagadzikana.
5. Social engineering assessments: Social engineering assessments inosanganisira kuyedza susceptibility yevanhu kana masangano kurwiswa nesocial engineering. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kufungidzira kwephishing, kurwiswa nefoni, kana kuongorora kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kunyangwe maturusi aya uye matekiniki achigona kubatsira kuburitsa kusazvibata, anofanirwa kushandiswa zvine hungwaru uye nemirairo yemutemo netsika. Zvinokurudzirwa kutsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi kana kudzidziswa usati waita ongororo yekusagadzikana.
Kuvaka kusimba uye kukunda kusasimba
Mushure mekuona kusagadzikana, kutora matanho akakodzera kugadzirisa uye kuderedza njodzi idzi kwakakosha. Heano mamwe maitiro anokurudzirwa ekutevera:
1. Kuisa pamberi pekusagadzikana: Ongorora kuoma kwega kwega kwakaonekwa uye nekugona kukanganisa. Isa pamberi kugadzirisa kusasimba kunoisa njodzi yakanyanya kune yako pachako kana yehunyanzvi chengetedzo.
2. Isa zvigamba uye zvigadziriso: Kana kusashanda kwesoftware kwakaonekwa, shandisa zvigamba zvekuchengetedza zvazvino kana gadziridza software inopihwa nemutengesi. Gara uchitarisa zvigamba zvitsva uye zvigadziriso zvekugadzirisa zvinozivikanwa kusagadzikana nekukurumidza.
3. Shandura mapassword: Kana mapassword asina kusimba akaonekwa, pakarepo ashandure ane akasimba, akasiyana. Gonesa multi-factor authentication pese pazvinogoneka kuti uwedzere imwe dura rekuchengetedza.
4. Dzidzisa uye dzidzisa: Goverana ruzivo rwako uye ruzivo nevamwe kuti uzivise nezvekusagadzikana kwakajairika uye inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza maitiro. Dzidzisa mhuri yako, shamwari, kana vaunoshanda navo maitiro ekuzvidzivirira kubva kutyisidziro dzecyber.
5. Tarisa uye ongorora: Gara uchitarisa masisitimu ako, maakaundi, kana maapplication kune chero zviratidzo zvekufungira chiitiko. Ongorora matanda, mishumo yekuchengetedza, kana chenjedzo kuti uone nekukurumidza uye kupindura kune zvinogona kuitika zvekuchengetedza.
Aya matanho anogona kunyatsogadzirisa kusasimba uye kuderedza njodzi yekuwirwa necyber-attacks.
Kutsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi rwekuongorora kusagadzikana
Kuvaka kusimba pakurwisa kusadzivirirwa kunoda kushingairira uye kuenderera mberi kuedza kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwako. Heano mamwe matanho ekuwedzera ekutarisisa:
1. Kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza nguva dzose: Ita ongororo yenguva dzose yekusagadzikana uye kuongororwa kwekuchengetedza kuti uone kusakanganiswa kutsva kunogona kubuda nekufamba kwenguva. Gara uchiziva nezveazvino ekuchengetedza maitiro uye akanakisa maitiro ekugadzirisa ako ekuchengetedza matanho zvinoenderana.
2. Gara uchivandudzwa: Chengetedza midziyo yako yese, software, uye maapplication ari maererano neazvino kuchengetedzwa zvigamba uye zvigadziriso. Gara uchitarisa chero mazano ekuchengetedza kana chenjedzo dzine chekuita nezvigadzirwa zvaunoshandisa.
3. Chengetedza data yako: Gara uchichengetedza uye chengetedza data rako rakakosha zvakachengeteka. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve nekopi yedata rako kana paine chiitiko chekuchengetedza kana kurasikirwa kwedata.
4. Gara uchiziva nezvezvinozvino kutyisidzira kwecybersecurity, chitsotsi, uye mazano einjiniya munharaunda. Ngwarira paunenge uchigovera ruzivo rwako pamhepo kana kupindura kune zvikumbiro zvisina kukumbirwa zveruzivo.
5. Dzidzo inoenderera mberi: Isa mari mudzidzo inoenderera mberi uye kudzidziswa kuti uwedzere ruzivo rwako uye hunyanzvi mucybersecurity. Gara wakagadziridzwa nezvitupa zveindasitiri, pinda webinars kana makonferensi, uye ubatane nenharaunda dzepamhepo kushamwaridzana nenyanzvi dzine pfungwa dzakafanana.
Kutora matanho aya kunogona kuvaka kusimba kubva panjodzi uye kugadzira dziviriro yakasimba kubva kune zvinogona kutyisidzira cyber.
Mhedziso: Kumbundikira kusagadzikana senzira yekukura uye kusimba
Kune vanhu kana masangano ane hunyanzvi hushoma hwehunyanzvi, kutsvaga rubatsiro rwehunyanzvi rwekuongorora kusagadzikana kunogona kupa ruzivo rwakakosha negwara. Nyanzvi dzakatenderwa kana cybersecurity consultants vanogona kunyatsoongorora masisitimu ako, network, kana maapplication kuti vaone zvingangoita kusagadzikana uye kukurudzira matanho akakodzera ekugadzirisa.
Idzi nyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwekufumura kusavimbika kwakavanzika kunogona kunetsa kuziva pasina ruzivo rwehunyanzvi. Vanogonawo kupa mazano akagadziridzwa zvichienderana nezvido zvako uye zvaunoda.
Paunenge uchitsvaga rubatsiro rwenyanzvi, kusarudza vanhu vanovimbika kana mafemu kwakakosha. Tarisa zvitupa, zvipupuriro, kana mareferensi kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti unoshanda nenyanzvi dzinotevedzera hunhu.
Cybersecurity yakakosha kune chero munhu kana bhizinesi muzera rino redhijitari-asi iwe unogona kuona kusasimba kunogona kuitika? Heino runyorwa rwezvese zvinogoneka kusagadzikana munhu anofanira kuziva kuti arambe akachengeteka.
Muzera rino redhijitari, zvakakosha kuti ugare wakasvinura uye uchiziva nezvese zvingangoitika zvecybersecurity zvaungasangana nazvo iwe kana bhizinesi rako. Kubva pahutsotsi hwekubira vanhu kusvika pakubiwa kwezvitupa, kune njodzi dzakasiyana siyana dzinogona kuitika - asi neruzivo rwakakwana uye matanho ekutanga, unogona kuzvidzivirira kubva kunjodzi idzi. Heino mhedziso yezvese zvisizvo izvo munhu anofanira kuziva nezvazvo.
SQL Majekiseni.
SQL Majekiseni ari pakati peanowanzo tyisidzirwa necyber uye anoitika kana munhu anorwisa akashandisa application isina njodzi nekuisa yakaipa SQL Code. Aya majekiseni anogona kuwana data rakajeka, kudzima uye kugadzirisa ruzivo, kana kugadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva. Nehurombo, ivo vakaoma kuwana uye kuziva-ndosaka nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira system yako kubva mukusagadzikana kwakadaro ndeyekuzviziva pamberi.
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS).
Muchinjikwa-saiti scripting (XSS) kurwiswa kunopinza hutsinye mutengi-parutivi zvinyorwa muwebhu peji rewebhu rekushandisa kuti uwane mukana kune browser yemushandisi. Kurwisa kwakabudirira kweXSS kunogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kwakanyanya, sekubira ruzivo, kuisa mavhairasi uye kodhi yakaipa, kuratidza zvirimo pasina mvumo, kana kudzima account yemushandisi. Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuXSS kurwiswa, zvakakosha kuti udzivise kuita isina kuvimbika script kodhi pawebhusaiti yako.
Yakaputsika Kusimbisa uye Session Management.
Kuputswa kwechokwadi uye maseshini manejimendi ndiwo maviri eanowanzo tsungiriro anogona kubvumira vanorwisa kuwana vasina mvumo yekuwana data kana, mune dzimwe nguva, manejimendi-level yekuwana-kuve nechokwadi chekuti humbowo uye sesesheni manejimendi mapuroteni ari-kusvika-zuva uye akagadziriswa nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, manejimendi anofanirwa kugadzira yakasarudzika yekupinda zvitupa kune yega yega mushandisi pane system uye vanogara vachitenderedza iwo mapassword. Kuita zvinhu zviviri-zviyero zvechokwadi zvinogona kuwedzera kuchengetedza kupinda kwekutonga masisitimu kubva kune vanogona kurwisa.
Zvisina Kugadziriswa Redirects uye Forwards.
Unvalidated redirects uye kumberi kune humwe hurema hunogona kutungamira kune nyaya dzekuchengetedza kana dzisina kugadziriswa zvakakwana. Uku kusazvibata kwewebhu kunokonzerwa neyakavhurika URL redirection - semuenzaniso, kudzvanya pane ine hutsinye link kana kodhi muapplication inongotumira mushandisi kunzvimbo ine hutsinye. Mamaneja anofanirwa kuziva nezve njodzi iyi uye nekuona kuti inodzivirirwa nekusimbisa kwese kupinza ine redirect mirairo kana mimwe mirairo inogadzira chinongedzo pakati peanokumbira mushandisi uye ekunze masaiti.
Kuramba Kurwiswa Kwebasa (DoS/DDoS).
Denial of service (DoS) uye kuparadzirwa kurambwa kwesevhisi (DDoS) kurwiswa ndiwo maviri eakanyanya hutsinye cyberattacks. Kurwiswa kweDoS kunosanganisira kufashamira sisitimu yakanangwa nezvikumbiro zvakakura kuti isasvike. Kusiyana neizvi, kurwiswa kweDDoS kunoshandisa network yakakura kwazvo yemakomputa, inonzi botnets, kutanga kurwisa kwakasimba pane chinangwa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera mawebhusaiti uye maapplication ewebhu kunonoka kana kusapindura, zvichitungamira mukurasikirwa kwemari uye mamwe matambudziko. Kuti uzvidzivirire kubva kuDoS/DDoS kurwiswa, funga kushandisa chiyero-yekumisikidza nzira dzinodzikamisa huwandu hwezvikumbiro zvinotenderwa kubva kune chero IP kero.
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