Muzera ranhasi redhijitari, cyber kuchengetedza kwakakosha kupfuura nakare kose. Kuchengetedza makomputa ako masystem uye network kubva mukurwiswa kwedhijitari kwakakosha nekukwira kwekutyisidzira kwepamhepo sekubira, phishing, uye malware. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, zvakakosha, uye kuti ungagara sei wakachengeteka online.
Chii chinonzi Cyber Security?
Kuchengetedzwa kweCyber kunochengetedza masisitimu emakombuta, network, uye ruzivo rwedhijitari kubva kune kusingatenderwe kuwana, kuba, kukuvadzwa, kana kukanganisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzivirira kutyisidzira kwakasiyana sekubira, phishing, malware, uye kumwe kurwiswa kwecyber. Kuchengetedzwa kweCyber kwakakosha nekuti kunobatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuvanzika, kuvimbika, uye kuwanikwa kweruzivo rwedhijitari uye kuchengetedzeka uye kuvanzika kwevanhu nemasangano online.
Sei Cyber Security Yakakosha?
Kuchengetedzwa kweCyber kwakakosha nekuti kunobatsira kuchengetedza vanhu nemasangano kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana dzekutyisidzira kwedhijitari. Kutyisidzirwa uku kunosanganisira kuba zvitupa, hutsotsi hwemari, kutyorwa kwedata, uye kumwe kurwiswa necyber. Cyber kuchengetedzwa inobatsirawo kuona kuvanzika kweruzivo rwedhijitari, kutendeseka, uye kuwanikwa, izvo zvakakosha kumabhizinesi, hurumende, uye vanhuwo zvavo. Nekushandisa matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza cyber, vanhu nemasangano vanogona kugara vakachengeteka pamhepo uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo rwakadzama kubva pakuwanikwa kusingatenderwe kana kuba.
Mhando dzeCyber Attacks.
Vanhu uye masangano anofanirwa kuziva akawanda e-cyber-attacks kuti vazvidzivirire. Mamwe marudzi akajairika ekurwiswa kwecyber anosanganisira phishing, malware, ransomware, kuramba basa (DoS) kurwiswa, uye social engineering. Chikamu chega chega chakanangana nekusagadzikana mukati makombiyuta uye network uye inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa kana isina kugadziriswa nemazvo. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti ugare uine ruzivo nezve ichangoburwa cyber kutyisidzira uye kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira iwe nesangano rako.
Sei Kugara Wakachengeteka Pamhepo.
Kugara wakachengeteka pamhepo kunosanganisira matanho akati wandei ekuchengetedza ruzivo rwako uye midziyo yedhijitari. Mamwe matipi akakosha ekugara wakachengeteka pamhepo anosanganisira kushandisa mapassword akasimba, kuchengetedza software yako uye sisitimu yekushandisa inoenderana, kudzivirira maemail anofungidzirwa uye zvinongedzo, uchishandisa antivirus software., uye kungwarira paunenge uchigovera ruzivo rwemunhu pamhepo. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti uzive nezve ichangoburwa cyber kutyisidzira uye kugara uine ruzivo nezve yakanakisa maitiro ekushanyira wakachengeteka online.
Maitiro Akanakisa eCyber Security.
Kutevera maitiro akanakisa ekuchengetedza cyber kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvako zvedhijitari uye ruzivo rwemunhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa mapassword akasimba uye akasiyana eakaunti ese, kugonesa kuvimbiswa kwezvinhu zviviri, kuchengetedza software yako uye sisitimu yekushandisa inoenderana neazvino chengetedzo zvigamba, kudzivirira maemail ekufungidzira uye zvinongedzo, kushandisa antivirus software, uye kungwarira paunenge uchigovana ruzivo rwemunhu pamhepo. . Izvo zvakakoshawo kugara uchidzoreredza data rako uye kugara uine ruzivo nezve ichangoburwa cyber kutyisidzira uye maitiro akanaka yekushanya zvakachengeteka online.
Muzera ranhasi redhijitari, cyber chengetedzo haina kumbobvira yanyanya kukosha. Kubva kune vapambi vanokonzeresa mhirizhonga kune magamba ekuchengetedza vashandi vachivadzivirira, mamiriro ekutyisidzira kwecyber anogara achishanduka. Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichadzikisira kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, tichijekesa basa rayo rakakosha kuchengetedza hupenyu hwedu hwedhijitari.
Nekurwiswa kwecyber kunowedzera kuve kwakaoma uye kazhinji, mabhizinesi uye vanhu vanofanirwa kukoshesa matanho ekuchengetedza. Kubva pakutyorwa kwedata kusvika pakubiwa kwekuzivikanwa, mhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwecyber inogona kukuvadza. Masangano anogona kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo rwakadzama, kuchengetedza kuvimba kwevatengi, uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwemari kuburikidza neanoshanda cyber kuchengetedza matanho.
Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi cyber security? Inosanganisira maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye mazano akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza makomputa, maseva, nharembozha, network, uye data kubva kune zvisina mvumo yekuwana kana kukuvara. Matanho aya anosanganisira firewall, antivirus software, encryption, nzira dzakachengeteka dzekusimbisa, uye nguva dzose kuchengetedza ongororo.
Sezvo isu tichifamba nemamiriro edhijitari ari kuramba achikura, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwecyber uye matanho atinogona kutora kuderedza njodzi. Joinha isu patinenge tichiongorora nyika yekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, kubva kune vanoba kusvika kune magamba, uye tsvaga kuti sei kuchengetedza midziyo yedu yedhijitari kwakakosha kupfuura nakare kose.
Kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwecyber munyika yanhasi yedhijitari
Kuchengetedzwa kweCyber inzvimbo ine mativi mazhinji inosanganisira akasiyana maficha ekuchengetedza midziyo yedhijitari kubva kune kusingatenderwe kuwana uye kurwiswa. Zvinosanganisira kuita matanho uye nzira dzekuchengetedza makomputa, network, maseva, nharembozha, uye data kubva kune zvinogona kutyisidzira. Kutyisidzirwa uku kunogona kubva kune matsotsi ari kuyedza kutyora masisitimu ekuti awane pundutso kusvika kune inotsigirwa nehurumende cyber espionage yakanangana nehurongwa hwakakosha.
Kuti unyatsonzwisisa kuchengetedzwa kwecyber, zvakakosha kuti uzive misimboti mitatu yakavakirwa pairi: kuvanzika, kuvimbika, uye kuwanikwa. Confidentiality inovimbisa kuti ruzivo rwakadzama runoramba rwakavanzika uye rwunongowanikwa kune vanhu vane mvumo chete. Kuvimbika kunovimbisa kuti data inoramba yakarurama, isina kuchinjwa, uye yakavimbika. Kuwanikwa kunovimbisa kuti masisitimu uye zviwanikwa zvinowanikwa uye zvinoshanda pese pazvinenge zvichidiwa.
Yakajairika cyber kuchengetedza kutyisidzira uye njodzi
Munyika yanhasi yakabatana, kukosha kwekuchengetedzwa kwecyber hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Sezvo tekinoroji iri kuramba ichifambira mberi, ndozvinoitawo kutyisidzira kunounzwa nematsotsi. Hapana mubatanidzwa unodzivirirwa nenjodzi dzecyber-attack, kubva kumakambani makuru kusvika kumabhizinesi madiki. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kuve yakakomba, kubva pakurasikirwa kwemari uye kukuvadzwa kwezita kusvika kune pamutemo ramifications uye kukanganisa ruzivo rwemunhu.
Kune mabhizinesi, kuchengetedzeka kwecyber haingori nyaya yekudzivirira midziyo yavo asi zvakare kuve nechokwadi chekuvanzika nekuchengetedzeka kwedata revatengi vavo. Kutyora kwedata kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro inosvika kure, kukanganisa kuvimba uye kukanganisa zita rekambani. Nekuisa pamberi pekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, masangano anogona kuratidza kuzvipira kwavo kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakadzama uye kuchengetedza kuvimba kwevanobatika.
Saizvozvo, vanhu vanofanirwawo kutora matanho ekudzivirira kuchengetedza ruzivo rwavo. Nekuvimba kuri kuwedzera pamapuratifomu edhijitari ekutaurirana, kubhengi, uye kutenga, njodzi yekubiwa kwekuzivikanwa uye hutsotsi hwemari haina kumbobvira yakwira. Vanhu vanogona kudzikisira njodzi nekushandisa mapassword akasimba, kugara vachivandudza software, kungwarira kuedza kwe phishing, uye kuchengetedza hupenyu hwavo hwedhijitari.
Mhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwecyber pamabhizinesi uye vanhu
Munzvimbo inogara ichichinja yekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, kuziva nezve kutyisidzira kwakajairwa uye njodzi dzinosangana nevanhu nemasangano kwakakosha. Kunzwisisa kutyisidzira uku kunogona kubatsira mukugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekudzikisa njodzi. Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kutyisidzira zvekuchengetedza cyber zvinosanganisira:
1. Malware: Mapurogiramu akashata akadai semavhairasi, makonye, uye ransomware anogona kupinda muzvirongwa zvokonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru nekuba mashoko akavanzika kana kuti kuita kuti masisitimu asashande.
2. Phishing: Kurwiswa kwePhishing kunosanganisira kunyengedza vanhu kuti vaburitse ruzivo rwakadzama kuburikidza nemaemail echitsotsi, mameseji, kana mawebhusaiti. Kurwiswa uku kunowanzo kunanga vanhu vasingafungiri uye kunogona kukonzera kubirwa zvitupa kana kurasikirwa nemari.
3. Social Engineering: Kurwiswa kwesocial engineering kunoshandisa pfungwa dzevanhu kuti dzinyengedze vanhu kuti vaburitse ruzivo rwakavanzika kana kupa mukana usina mvumo. Uku kurwiswa kunovimba nekunyengera uye kunyengedza kunzvenga nzira dzekuchengetedza.
4. Denial of Service (DoS) Kurwiswa: DoS inorwisa masisitimu ane mafashama emotokari, zvichiita kuti asakwanise kushanda nemazvo. Kurwiswa uku kunokanganisa masevhisi uye kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemari uye kukuvadzwa kwezita.
5. Insider Threats: Kutyisidzirwa kwemukati kunosanganisira vanhu vari mukati mesangano vanoshandisa zvisizvo kodzero yavo yekuwana ruzivo kuba ruzivo rwakadzama, kuparadza masisitimu, kana kukonzera kumwe kukuvadza.
Cybersecurity maitiro akanakisa emabhizinesi uye nevanhu
Mhedzisiro yekurwiswa kwecyber inogona kukuvadza kune ese makambani uye vanhu. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kubva pakurasikirwa nemari uye kukuvadzwa kwemukurumbira kune zvirango zvemutemo uye zvekutonga. Kune mabhizinesi, kudonha kubva pakurwiswa kwecyber kunogona kusanganisira:
1. Kurasikirwa Kwemari: Kurwiswa kwecyber kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemari kwakananga, semari yakabiwa kana kurasikirwa nemari nekuda kwekuvhiringidzwa kwekushanda. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhizinesi anogona kuunza mari dzakakura mukuedza kugadzirisa uye kutongwa kwemutemo.
2. Reputational Kukuvadzwa: Kutyora kwedata kana cyber kurwiswa kunogona kukanganisa mukurumbira wekambani, kukanganisa kuvimba kwevatengi uye kuvimbika. Uku kurasikirwa kwekuvimba kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro inogara kwenguva refu pazasi uye kubudirira kwebhizinesi rose.
3. Mitemo yeMutemo: Mabhizinesi anogona kutarisana nemutemo uye zvirango zvekutonga zvichienderana nemhando yekurwiswa uye data inobatanidzwa. Zvirango izvi zvinogona kusanganisira faindi, kumhan'arirwa, uye kutevedzera zvinodiwa izvo zvinogona kunetsa mune zvemari.
4. Kuvhiringidza Kwekushanda: Kubudirira kwe cyber kurwisa kunogona kukanganisa kushanda kwebhizimisi, zvichiita kuti kuderera, kurasikirwa kwezvibereko, uye kukuvadza kune zvakakosha zvivakoti. Iyo inokonzeresa yekudzikira inogona kukonzera yakapotsa mikana uye kukanganisa kwemari.
Kune vanhu, kukanganisa kwe cyber kurwiswa kunogona kuve kwakaoma zvakaenzana. Kubirwa zvitupa, hutsotsi hwemari, uye kurasikirwa neruzivo rwemunhu zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro inogara kwenguva refu, kusanganisira kuparara kwemari uye kushushikana mupfungwa. Vanhu vanofanirwa kutora matanho ekuzvidzivirira ivo nemidziyo yavo yedhijitari.
Basa rehurumende uye mutemo mukuchengetedza cyber
Mabhizinesi nevanhuwo zvavo vanofanirwa kutevedzera yakanakisa cybersecurity maitiro kudzikamisa njodzi dzecyber-attack. Aya maitiro anogona kubatsira kusimbisa dziviriro uye kuderedza kusasimba. Mamwe maitiro akakosha akanakisa anosanganisira:
1. Itai Matemo Akasimba Pasiwedhi: Mapassword akasimba ndiwo ekutanga kudzivirira kubva mukuwanikwa kusina mvumo. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kumanikidza kuomarara kwepassword zvinodiwa, uye vanhu vanofanirwa kushandisa akasiyana, akaoma kunzwisisa epamhepo account yega yega.
2. Chengetedza Mapurogiramu NemaSystem Akagadziridzwa: Kugara uchigadziridza software uye masisitimu kwakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti kusadzivirirwa kwaiswa zvigamba. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuve neakasimba chigamba manejimendi maitiro, uye vanhu vanofanirwa kugonesa otomatiki zvigadziriso pamidziyo yavo.
3. Dzidzisa Vashandi uye Vashandisi: Kukanganisa kwevanhu kunowanzova chisungo chisina simba mukuchengetedzwa kwecyber. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kupa ruzivo rwakakwana kuvashandi nezvemaitiro akanakisa, sekuziva kuedza kwe phishing uye kudzivirira zvinongedzo zvekufungidzira. Vanhu vanofanirwawo kugara vaine ruzivo nezve kutyisidzira kwazvino uye kuzvidzidzisa pane zvakachengeteka maitiro epamhepo.
4. Backup Data Nguva Dzose: Kugara uchitsigira data kunokosha kuti uone kuti inogona kudzorerwa panguva yekurwisa ransomware kana kurasikirwa kwedata. Mabhizinesi anofanirwa kuve nehurongwa hwakasimba hwekuchengetedza, kusanganisira mabhapu ekunze, uye vanhu vanofanirwa kugara vachichengetedza mafaera avo akakosha.
Cyber security certification uye mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa
Cybersecurity harisi iro basa remabhizinesi uye nevanhu. Hurumende nemasangano anochengetedza mutemo vanoitawo basa rakakosha mukudzivirira kubva mukutyisidzirwa necyber. Ivo vane basa rekugadzira nekusimbisa mitemo nemirairo inobatsira kurwisa hutsotsi hwepamhepo.
Masangano ehurumende anoshanda pamwe chete nemabhizinesi, achigovana ruzivo uye nehungwaru kuti arambe ari pamberi pekutyisidzira kuri kubuda. Ivo zvakare vanopa zviwanikwa uye rutsigiro rwecyber kuchengetedza zvirongwa, kusanganisira mari yekutsvagisa nekuvandudza matekinoroji matsva. Masangano ezvemitemo anoongorora uye kupomera matsotsi epa cyber, achishanda kuvaunza kumatare uye kudzivirira kurwiswa mune ramangwana.
Cybersecurity zvishandiso uye matekinoroji
Mukuchengetedzwa kwecyber, zvitupa uye zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvakakosha mukuvandudza nyanzvi dzine hunyanzvi. Izvi zvitupa zvinosimbisa ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hwevanhu mune dzakasiyana siyana zvekuchengetedzwa kwecyber uye zvinopa nzira yekufambira mberi kwebasa.
Zvimwe zvezvitupa zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa mumunda wekuchengetedzwa kwecyber zvinosanganisira:
1. Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): Ichi chitupa chinoratidza ruzivo rwemashoko ekuchengetedza ruzivo uye maitiro akanakisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
2. Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH): Ichi chitupa chinotarisa kudivi rinogumbura rekuchengetedzwa kwecyber, kudzidzisa vanhu nzira yekuziva kusagadzikana uye kuvashandisa zvine hutsika kuvandudza dziviriro.
3. Certified Information Security Manager (CISM): Chitupa cheCISM chakagadzirirwa vanhu vane basa rekutonga zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza ruzivo, vachiratidza kugona kwavo kugadzira nekugadzirisa chirongwa chekuchengetedza bhizinesi rose.
4. CompTIA Chengetedzo+: Ichi chitupa chekupinda-chikamu chinovhara ruzivo rwehwaro mukuchengetedzwa kwecyber uye ibwe rekukwira kune vanhu vanotanga mabasa avo.
Zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa uye misasa yebhoti inowanikwawo kuti ipe maoko-pane ruzivo uye hunyanzvi hunoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekuchengetedzwa kwecyber. Zvirongwa izvi zvinobatsira vanhu kukudziridza hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti vagadzirise matambudziko anogara achibuda mumunda.
Remangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwecyber
Kuchengetedzwa kweCyber kunogara kuchishanduka, kunotungamirwa nekudiwa kwekugara pamberi pekutyisidzira kuri kubuda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, akawanda maturusi uye matekinoroji dzakagadzirwa kuti dzidzivirire pakurwiswa kwecyber. Mamwe eaya maturusi uye matekinoroji anosanganisira:
1. Mafirewall: Mafirewall anoita sechipinganidzo pakati pemukati nekunze network, kutarisa uye kudzora inopinda uye inobuda traffic zvichibva payakafanorongwa mitemo yekuchengetedza.
2. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) uye Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS): IDS neIPS inotarisa network traffic yezviitiko zvinofungirwa uye inogona kunyevera vatungamiri kana kuti pakarepo kuvhara zvinogona kutyisidzira.
3. Antivirus uye Antimalware Software: Antivirus uye antimalware software scan mafaira uye masisitimu emhando dzinozivikanwa dzekodhi yakaipa, kubatsira kuona uye kubvisa kutyisidzira.
4. Encryption: Encryption inoshandura data kuita chimiro chisingaverengeki, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vane mvumo chete vanogona kuwana nekududzira ruzivo.
5. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): MFA inowedzera kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza nekuda kwemhando dzakawanda dzekuzivikanwa, dzakadai sepassword uye chigunwe chemunwe, kuti uwane hurongwa kana kushandiswa.
Aya maturusi uye matekinoroji anoshanda tandem kugadzira nzira yekudzivirira yakaturikidzana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zviri munzvimbo yekudzivirira kubva mukurwiswa necyber.
mhedziso
Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, iyo cybersecurity ndima ichasangana nematambudziko matsva nekutyisidzira. Kuwedzera kwekubatana kwemidziyo uye kusimukira kwehunyanzvi huri kusimukira hwakadai sehungwaru hwekugadzira uye Internet yezvinhu (IoT) ichagadzira matsva ekurwisa ma cybercriminals.
Cybersecurity nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwavo kuti varambe vari pamberi pekutyisidzira uku. Munda unozoda vanhu vane hunyanzvi mukuchengetedza kwegore, kuchengetedzeka kwenharembozha, uye data analytics. Pamusoro pezvo, kubatana pakati pehurumende, mabhizinesi, uye vanhu vamwe nevamwe kuchave kwakakosha kurwisa zvine mutsindo kutyisidzira kwecyber pasi rose.
Ramangwana rekuchengetedzwa kwecyber richaonawo kufambira mberi mumatekinoroji akadai sekudzidza kwemuchina uye hungwaru hwekugadzira, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuziva uye kupindura kutyisidzira munguva chaiyo. Aya matekinoroji anogona kuongorora huwandu hukuru hwe data uye kuona mapatani anogona kutariswa nevanhu, achigonesa kukurumidza uye kwakaringana kuona kutyisidzira uye mhinduro.
